Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LA Sx Exam 1 > Castration Complications > Flashcards

Castration Complications Flashcards

1
Q

Why is castration the easiest most difficulty surgery you will do?

A

Most common cause of malpractice claims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the complication rate of castrating a horse?

A

Up to 38%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are castration complications usually very severe?

A

No, most are mild or self-limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the best way to avoid complications and treat them well when they occur?

A

Know your anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When does the worst swelling occur after castration?

A

3-5d post-op

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When should swelling post-castration resolve?

A

10-12d post-op

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are additional clinical signs that might indicate the excessive swelling is more complicated than just swelling?

A

Stiff gait reluctance to urinate or move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What demographic of horses are at higher risk of having an excessive swelling complication?

A

Older horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Not enough scrotal skin removed, infection, lack of exercise or skin/SQ stretch

A

Excessive swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you treat excessive swelling?

A

Establish drainage, NSAIDs, forced exercise to get lymphatics moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How will the swelling migrate over time if it persists?

A

Moves forward to the prepuce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can excessive swelling lead to?

A

Infection, dysuria, paraphimosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are sources of hemorrhage assoc. w/castration?

A

Testicular a. cremaster m. SQ vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes hemorrhage?

A

Faulty emasculators or improper use of emasculators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can you determine if hemorrhage is normal or excessive?

A

Should drip, not flow, but drip should not persist for more than a couple days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you treat hemorrhage?

A

ID and ligate source or pack w/sterile gauze and suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What meds can you give to help stop hemorrhage?

A

Aminocaproic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When should you refer a hemorrhage complication?

A

Hypovolemic shock, intra-abdominal hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How often should you check bloodwork for changes assoc. w/intra-abdominal hemorrhage?

A

Every 6h

20
Q

Why won’t bloodwork demonstrate PCV drop w/intra-abdominal hemorrhage immediately?

A

Splenic contraction

21
Q

Presents as swelling, fever, lameness, discharge anywhere from days to years after castration

A

Septic funiculitis

22
Q

How do you dx septic funciculitis?

A

Decreased serum amyloid A response

23
Q

What is septic funiculitis?

A

Chronic infection of the spermiatic cord

24
Q

What is the most common bacteria cultured from septic funiculitis cases?

A

Staphylococcus

25
Q

How do you correct septic funiculitis?

A

Strip back to unaffected region and emasculate (remove infected tissue)

26
Q

When should you refer a septic funiculitis case?

A

Non-responsive to tx, CS present months post-op, sepsis/endotoxemia

27
Q

How can you prevent clostridial infections when castrating?

A

Booster w/tetanus toxoid peri-operatively

28
Q

Treat this uncommon complication by IDing, ligating, and transecting tissue and confirming anatomic normalcy via rectal palpation

A

Omental eventration

29
Q

What complication is an inherent risk that happens within 4h of castration and is often life-threatening?

A

Intestinal eventration

30
Q

How do you treat an intestinal eventration?

A

Lavage and replace through scrotum and suture/sling closed - REFER

31
Q

How do you refer an intestinal eventration?

A

Sedation, IV abx, banamine

32
Q

Uncommon complication of an open castration that is not an infectious process - treatment is cosmetic

A

Hydrocele

33
Q

How do you treat a hydrocele?

A

Remove the rest of the parietal tunic

34
Q

Presents with colic, fever, depression, and anorexia

A

Peritonitis

35
Q

How do you dx peritonitis?

A

MDB and abdominocentesis

36
Q

Why should abdominocentesis not be the sole method used to dx peritonitis?

A

WBC should be >100k for 3-4d after castration anywah

37
Q

What parameters of abdominocentesis other than WBC can indicate peritonitis?

A

Intracellular bacteria, degenerate PMNs, glucose

38
Q

How do you treat peritonitis?

A

Intensive ICU care

39
Q

Occurs when the surgeon is inexperienced and doesn’t know basic anatomy

A

Penile damage

40
Q

How do you treat penile/urethral transection?

A

Refer for sx intervention

41
Q

How do you treat nerve damage and subsequent paraphimosis assoc. w/penile damage?

A

Sling, hydrotherapy, NSAIDs

42
Q

Inadvertent removal of epididymal tail but not testes

A

Incomplete castration

43
Q

Why might an incomplete castration occur?

A

Cryptorchid epididymis looks like hypoplastic testis to an inexperienced clinician

44
Q

What % of horses demonstrate aggressive behavior toward other horses post-castration?

A

20-30%

45
Q

What % of horses demonstrate aggressive behavior toward humans post-castration?

A

5%

LA Sx Exam 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions