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LA Sx Exam 1 > HA, PSGAGs, and PG > Flashcards

HA, PSGAGs, and PG Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 layers of the synovial membrane?

A

Subintimal and intimal

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2
Q

Which synovial membrane layer contains blood supply and innervation?

A

Subintimal

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3
Q

What cells are in the intimal layer of the synovial membrane?

A

Synoviocytes

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4
Q

What function do macrophage Type A cells perform in the synovial membrane?

A

Phagocytosis

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5
Q

What type of cells are HA, aggrecan, collagen, cytokines, eicosanoids, and proteases?

A

Type B fibroblasts

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6
Q

What is the shock absorber of the joint b/c it is more deformable than cortical bone?

A

Subchondral bone

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7
Q

This disease may contribute to OA progression

A

Sclerosis

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8
Q

Creates the joint surface and is used to define the health of the joint

A

Articular cartilage

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9
Q

What does the specialized extacellular matrix do?

A

Distributes compressive loads

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10
Q

What is the articular cartilage composed of?

A

80% water, PG, HA, collagens

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11
Q

Backbone of he cartilaginous matrix

A

HA

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12
Q

What binds to HA via protein ink?

A

Proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans

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13
Q

Creates a polarized charge to provide shock absorbing effect

A

HA

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14
Q

What is the charge of HA?

A

Negatie

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15
Q

Asking for athleticism over time aka microtrauma

A

Use trauma

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16
Q

How does OA present?

A

Effusion, decreased viscosity, increased TP

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17
Q

How will cartilage change grossly w/cartilage changes?

A

Dull, yellow, fibrillated, ulcerated

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18
Q

What does chronic inflammation cause in a joint capsule?

A

Thickening

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19
Q

What does pain cause to the synovial lining?

A

Hypertrophy

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20
Q

What does pain do to the subintima?

A

Fibrosis

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21
Q

What are clinical signs of OA?

A

Lameness, joint pain, decreased ROM, joint effusion

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22
Q

Can arthritis be present even w/o radiographic changes?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Can you stop OA progression with treatment?

24
Q

Designed for post-arthroscopic lavage

A

Polyglycan (PG)

25
Q

Why are results of studies of chondroprotectives so inconsistent/confusing?

A

Absence of a control group

26
Q

Where does HA come from?

A

Type B synoviocytes, chondrocytes

27
Q

Long unbranched non-sulfated GAG

28
Q

Provides viscoelasticity, boundary lubricaiton

29
Q

Modulates chemotactic response and scavenges free radicals

30
Q

Increases production of endogenous HA and decreases degradation of aggrecan

31
Q

When is HA chondroprotective?

A

Intra-articular administration

32
Q

How must HA be administered to reduce cartilage fibrillation?

A

Intra-articular

33
Q

What amount of HA is required for lameness improvement?

A

20mg/joint once weekly for 3wk

34
Q

Imparts viscosity to synovial fluid, lubriates unloaded joints, and exerts a direct anti-inflammatory effect and restores rheologic properties of synovial fluid

35
Q

Both ___ and ___ doses of HA result in significant improvement in horses

A

20mg and 40mg

36
Q

Is IV or IA HA more efficacious?

37
Q

Which HA administration treats multiple joints less effectively?

38
Q

HA + _____ are chondroprotective w/potent anti-inflammatory effect

A

Triamcinolone

39
Q

Inhibits degradative enzymes

40
Q

Counteracts deleterious effects of IL-1

41
Q

What mechanism of PSGAGs do you not see with IA HA?

A

Reduces of synovial effusion

42
Q

Decreases inflammatory mediators (PGE2) and improves synovial membrane

43
Q

What is the drawback of Adequan?

A

It immunosuppresses the joints

44
Q

How do you counteract joint immunosuppression caused by Adequan?

A

125mg Amikacin

45
Q

PSGAG levels that are required to reduce PGE2 are only achieved with what administration?

A

IA (not IM)

46
Q

What is polyglycan?

A

HA + chondroitin sulfate + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

47
Q

Both of these drugs have disease-modifying OA actions w/good efficacy in cases of synovitis

A

PSGAGs and HA

48
Q

Does PSGAGs or HA have a greater effect on articular cartilage fibrillation?

49
Q

Does PSGAGs or HA have a greater positive effect on synovial membrane health?

50
Q

Is PSGAG or HA more effective for mild synovitis/capsulitis?

51
Q

What corticosteroid has chondroprotective effects?

A

Triamcinolone acetonide

52
Q

Which corticosteroids have been shown to have deleterious effects on chondrocytes @ therapeutic levels (use minimum dose possible for tx)?

A

Methylprednisolone acetate

53
Q

Which corticosteroid is “middle of the road” with no deleterious effects on articular cartilage?

A

Betamethasone

54
Q

High level of IL-1 antagonists to combat inflammatory process in the joint

55
Q

Aseptic blood draw, draw off supinate, inject into joint once per week for 3 weeks

LA Sx Exam 1 (17 decks)

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