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COMPREHENSIVE EXAM > SURGERY TERM EXAMS > Flashcards

SURGERY TERM EXAMS Flashcards

1
Q

It is the most common fluid disorder in surgical patients.

A

None of the choices is correct

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2
Q

R.M, a 46 year-old alcoholic male underwent total thyroid surgery. During the first postoperative day, he presented with positive Chvostek sign. What may be true about his current status.

A

All of the choices are correct

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3
Q

The barbers and the surgeons were integrated into one guild in:

A

1540

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4
Q

Causes of hypocalcemia except:

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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5
Q

He developed a system of surgery termed a school of surgery that aimed to developed surgeons of the highest type:

A

William Halsted

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6
Q

He stressed the importance of identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerve during the course of thyroid surgery

A

Frank Lahey

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7
Q

Stress released ADH and acts on the kidneys resulting to:

A

Increase water absorption

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8
Q

In anaerobic respiration, the primary fuel utilized is:

A

Pyruvate

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9
Q

The following is/are correct regarding volume control in maintaining fluid balance:

A

None of the choices is correct

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10
Q

ADH is released from the ______ during surgical stress.

A

Posterior pituitary

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11
Q

Aldosterone is an important hormone released during the stress response. It comes from the adrenals, specifically from the:

A

Zona glomerulosa

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12
Q

He reversed the church’s long-standing ban of human dissection and sanctioned the study of anatomy from the cadaver:

A

Pope Clement VII

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13
Q

Metabolic disturbances that occurs when large numbers of neoplastic cells are killed rapidly during the initiation of chemotherapy, leading to the release of intracellular ions and metabolic byproducts into the systemic circulation:

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

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14
Q

He created an early version of what became the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH) unit.

A

Michael DeBake

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15
Q

He recognized that the elimination of bacteria by excessive heat could not be applied to a patient. Instead, he turned to chemical antisepsis:

A

Joseph Lister

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16
Q

Positive Chvostek sign is present in:

A

Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia

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17
Q

During injury, the afferent sensory stimulus is received by:

A

X Vagus Both

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18
Q

True regarding management of hyperkalemia:

A

None of the choices is correct

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19
Q

B.L, a 41 year old male was admitted because of severe hyponatremia. IV repletion of sodium was started. About 12 hours after he was noted to have confusion, horizontal gaze paralysis and spastic quadriplegia. He may have developed:

A

Central pontine myelinosis

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20
Q

He performed the first surgical operation during which a blood transfusion was used:

A

George Crile

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21
Q

During injury, the afferent sensory stimulus is received by the:

A

Hypothalamus

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22
Q

Catecholamines play a very important role during the stress response. They are released from the:

A

Adrenal medulla

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23
Q

The heart-lung machine which paved way for successful open heart surgery, including congenital heart defects, was invented by

A

John Gibbon

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24
Q

Instead of putting boiling oil to wound, pure blended a concoction made of the following:

A

None of the choices is correct

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25
Q

During stress, catecholamines cause all of the following, excpet:

A

Glycogenesis

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26
Q

The following statement/s about insensible water loss is/are correct except:

A

Profuse sweating is the most common cause

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27
Q

He devised an operative dermatome that allowed calibration of the thickness of skin:

A

Earl Padgett

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28
Q

The oldest and readily available method of bleeding cessation is:

A

Direct pressure

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29
Q

The following is not true regarding platelets:

A

Platelet cyclooxygenase is reversibly inhibited by aspirin

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30
Q

Positive Chvostek sign is present in:

A

Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia

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31
Q

The following will have thromboembolic events as their end results:

A

Factor V resistance to cleavage

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32
Q

Metabolic effect of shock except:

A

Increased intracellular pH

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33
Q

Goals of proper management of hyerkalemia:

A

IV glucose administration to shift potassium to the ICF compartment

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34
Q

Andreas Vesalius came out with a great anatomic treatise which provided fuller and more detailed descriptions of human anatomy than any of his illustrious predecessors:

A

De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem

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35
Q

He did not emphasize hand scrubbing because he was convinced that scrubbing created crevices in the palms of the hands were bacteria would proliferate:

A

Joseph Lister

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36
Q

All a stromal feeding alternatives, except:

A

Duodenostomy

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37
Q

R.M, a 34 year old healthy female. She weighs 60 kg and 160 cm tall. How much water does she has in her interstitial space?

A

7.5 liters

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38
Q

Hypovolemic shock hemodynamic response

A

Increase cardiac index

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39
Q

An adult male patient has an adamantimoma of the mandible. He will undergo elective excision and mandibular reconstruction using a free vascularized fibular graft. You computed his TCR at 1,670 kcal/day. The weight of CHO will be approximately _____ grams.

A

250

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40
Q

The component/s of damage control resuscitation is/are:

A

Permissive hypotension

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41
Q

Potent mesenteric vasoconstrictor/s:

A

Anti-diuretic hormone

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42
Q

In October 1846, the first public demonstration of the use of anesthesia in surgery took place in Boston, William Morton used _____ as anesthetic.

A

Sulfuric ether

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43
Q

An adult male patient has an adamantimoma of the mandible. He will undergo elective excision and mandibular reconstruction using a free vascularized fibular graft. You computed his TCR at 1,670 kcal/day. The ____% of the TCR will be the CHOH requirement.

A

20

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44
Q

An adult male patient has an adamantimoma of the mandible. He will undergo elective excision and mandibular reconstruction using a free vascularized fibular graft. You computed his TCR at 1,670 kcal/day. The weight of CHOH will be approximately ____ grams.

A

334

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45
Q

An adult male patient has an adamantimoma of the mandible. He will undergo elective excision and mandibular reconstruction using a free vascularized fibular graft. You computed his TCR at 1,670 kcal/day. The ___% of the TCR will be the CHO requirement.

A

60

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46
Q

According to the Ancient Greek, the following are humors in the body except:

A

Green bile

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47
Q

The following are Tenets of Halsted except:

A

Approximate wound edges and suture tightly to ensure closure

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48
Q

An adult male patient has an adamantimoma of the mandible. He will undergo elective excision and mandibular reconstruction using a free vascularized fibular graft. You computed his TCR at 1,670 kcal/day. The weight of CHON will be approximately ____ grams.

A

84

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49
Q

An adult male patient has an adamantimoma of the mandible. He will undergo elective excision and mandibular reconstruction using a free vascularized fibular graft. You computed his TCR at 1,670 kcal/day. The ___% of the TCR will be the CHON requirement.

A

20

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50
Q

According to Claudius Galenus, the most dominant humor was:

A

None of the choices

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51
Q

In lieu of using boiling oil as a means of cauterzing fresh gunshot wounds, Ambroise Pares use of a less irritating emollient of egg yolk, rose oil and ____ brought him lasting fame and glory.

A

Turpentine

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52
Q

The following can be treated alone with Chemotherapy is/are:

A

All of the choices are correct (Leukemia, lymphoma and choriocarcinoma)

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53
Q

When electrodes are placed at the LA & RA, the expected reading will be from:

A

Lead 1 of a standard 3-lead ECG

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54
Q

Mechanisms whereby an anesthetic agent or surgical procedure may interfere with maternal or fetal physiology and in doing so harm the fetus.

A

Indirect effect

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55
Q

For the diagnosis of sarcoma and lymphoma, the best biopsy of choice is:

A

Core needle biopsy

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56
Q

Advantage of laparascopy over laparatomy during pregnancy except:

A

Increased uterine blood flow

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57
Q

A child sustained acute burns and is being resuscitated in the ER. The monitoring of the _____ is a measure of the adequacy of fluid rescuscitation.

A

Urine output

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58
Q

To measure CO2 in the airway throughout the respiratory cycle, _______ is used.

A

Capnography

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59
Q

In the usual monitoring sheets, time is plotted in _______ orientation.

A

Horizontal

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60
Q

The most common site of metastasis for breast cancer is:

A

Bone

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61
Q

True about safety guidelines for laparascopic surgery during pregnancy

A

Abdominal access is attained using open technique

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62
Q

Pre-operative assessment in elderly patients, except:

A

Emotional status

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63
Q

30% of patients 70 years and above who have liver or pancreatic cancer are being referred for cancer directed surgery. True or False?

A

False

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64
Q

Body composition of the elderly, except:

A

Decreased fat mass

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65
Q

A trauma patient is being monitored for abdominal compartment syndrome by measuring the:

A

Urine output

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66
Q

The following are considered solid organ tumors except:

A

Acute leukemia

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67
Q

The most common vascular complication in liver transplantation:

A

Hepatic artery thrombosis

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68
Q

The following is/are high risk for breast cancer except:

A

Early menopause

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69
Q

Nephrologic changes in the elderly will predispose to:

A

All of the choices are correct:

Hypovolemia
Hyperglycemia
Electrolyte imbalance

70
Q

The following are advances laparoscopic procedures:

A

None of the choices

71
Q

The most common arrythmia seen in CO2 pneumoperitoneum is:

A

Sinus bradycardia

72
Q

The following are normal physiologic events in a pregnant patient except:

A

Decreased small bowel transit time

73
Q

The following drugs are used for humoral rejection, except:

A

Belatacept

74
Q

True about acute appendicitis in the elderly patients, except:

A

More than half has fever

75
Q

John Hopkins frialty criteria:

A

Unintentional weight loss

76
Q

The following statements regarding laparoscopic procedure is/are correct:

A

The laparascopic surgeon can influence cardiovascular performance by reducing or removing the CO2 pneumoperitoneum.

77
Q

Vaginal bleeding in a pregnant patient involved in a trauma may indicate:

A

All of the choices are correct:

Preterm labor
Abruptio placentae
Placenta previa

78
Q

The following organs are transplanted orthotopically except:

A

Pancreas

79
Q

Benzene, a chemical carcinogen is associated with what condition?

A

Acute leukemia

80
Q

It is the most common type of rejection, usually occurs within a few days or weeks posttransplant

A

Acute rejection

81
Q

The following statements/regarding access for minimally invasive procedures is are correct:

A

All of the choices are correct

82
Q

In the usual monitoring sheets, vital signs are plotted in ______ orientation.

A

Vertical

83
Q

The following tumor marker is specifically used for surveillance for patients with colorectal cancer:

A

CEA

84
Q

The classic pathognomic characteristic of a malignant cell is:

A

Can spread everywhere

85
Q

A female adult patient presents to you in the ER. She claims to have undergone major abdominal surgery for cancer but was lost to follow-up. She remembered being told that she must have a CA 19-9 monitoring to determine recurrence of cancer. She must have undergone surgery.

A

Pancreatic

86
Q

Giving of Hepatitis B vaccination and improved sanitation and lifestyle will prevent which cancer

A

Liver cancer

87
Q

Elective surgical procedures should be delayed until:

A

None of the choices

88
Q

A form of rejection in xenotransplantation which is mediated by the presence of natural xenoantibodies in humans:

A

Hyperacute rejection

89
Q

A male adult patient presents to you in the ER. He claims to have undergone major abdominal surgery for cancer but was lost to follow-up. He remembered being told that he must have a CEA monitoring to determine recurrence of cancer. He must have undergone _______ surgery.

A

Rectal

90
Q

Due to the low risk of complication, the most preferred site to insert a PAC is in the right:

A

Internal jugular vein

91
Q

The following cancer are curable if detected early and treated adequately is/are:

A

All choices are correct:

Cervical cancer
Prostate cancer
Breast cancer

92
Q

Why is the pancreas graft placed preferrably on the right?

A

Iliac vessels are in a more shallow position on the right than on the left

93
Q

The following are steps in tumorigenesis except:

A

Metastasis

94
Q

True about pregnant patients, except:

A

Incidence of symptomatic cholelithiasis is higher as compared to non pregnant patients of the same age group

95
Q

It is one of the most devastating postoperative complications in kidney recipients:

A

Graft thrombosis

96
Q

These are drugs that pose risk to the fetus based in human studies, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks:

A

Category D

97
Q

It is a surgical procedure in which a failing organ is replaced by a functioning one

A

Organ transplant

98
Q

It is the transfer of cells, tissue, or an organ from one person to another of the same species

A

Allotransplant

99
Q

The most common cause of fetal death in blunt trauma to the abdomen

A

Abruptio placentae

100
Q

The accepted maximum dose of ionizing radiation during the entire pregnancy in mGy:

A

50 mGy (5 rads, 5 cGy)

101
Q

Laparoscopy during pregnancy is best performed in the:

A

2nd

102
Q

Tumor in which the malignant cells appear to lie exclusively above the basement membrane is referred to as:

A

In situ cancer

103
Q

It is the spread of cancer cells from the primary site and the formation of new tumors in distant sites

A

Metastasis

104
Q

In minimally invasive surgery, NOTED stand for:

A

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery

105
Q

An immunosuppressive agent which mechanism of action is as a T-cell blocker, but its adverse effect is the increased risk in bacterial infections

A

belatacept

106
Q

It refers to radiation therapy and systemic therapies, including chemotherapy, done before surgical therapy

A

Adjuvant therapy

107
Q

Infection with the this liver fluke may lead to local inflammation and cholangiocarcinoma.

A

Opistorchis viverrini

108
Q

The following conditions are pre malignant and or may indicate malignancy except:

A

Hyperplasia

109
Q

Common in the elderly who has head trauma

A

Subdural hematoma

110
Q

Catecholamines

A

Peak within 24-48 hours

111
Q

Causes of hypocalcemia:

A

Tumor necrosis factor

112
Q

The following is/are true regarding hypernatremia:

A

Symptoms are usually not present, but may manifest in patients with impaired thirst mechanism

113
Q

The blood clot is made up of the following except:

A

Vitronectin

114
Q

A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with a soft-tissue injury to the left knee after falling while playing football. Which of the following types of cells is most likely to appear first at the wound site?

A

Neutrophils

115
Q

Jacksons burn zone that can be preserved with adequate fluid resuscitation and wound care

A

Zone of stasis

116
Q

The following are common bacterial pathogen in surgical patients, except:

A

Coccidioides immitis

117
Q

Granulation tissue plays an important role in wound healing. All of the following cell types are associated with granulation tissue except which one of the following?

A

Neutrophils

118
Q

True of inhalation injury, except

A

Has a 25% mortality rate

119
Q

Wound healing triggers release of various types of cells into the wound for achieving specific objectives. Which one of the following is the last cell to appear in a wound?

A

Lymphocytes

120
Q

Cause/s of SIRS are the following

A

All are correct

121
Q

These cytokines govern the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, except

A

Interleukin 8

122
Q

Criteria for admission to the burn unit, except

A

34-year-old female with 3% TBSA superficial partial thickness scald burn involving the forearm

123
Q

This is the most important cell type in wound healing

A

Macrophages

124
Q

The following are Gram-positive anaerobe except

A

Bacteroides fragilis

125
Q

True of management of electric burn injury, except

A

Perform emergent escharotomy for impending compartment syndrome

126
Q

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is released from

A

Neutrophils

127
Q

Characteristics of a full thickness burn injury, except

A

Heals by epithelization

128
Q

Nidus of infection, include the following, except

A

Vital tissue

129
Q

Burn shock occurs as a result of propagation of histamine, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and nitric oxide. These mediators are produced from which area of the burn wound?

A

Zone of hyperemia

130
Q

Percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal abscess is modality of choice for the following

A

Presence of multiple abscesses

131
Q

The main goal of fluid management in burn injury

A

Maintain adequate tissue perfusion

132
Q

The primary precept of surgical infectious disease therapy consists of the following, except

A

Evacuation of abscess cavity followed by primary closure of wound

133
Q

Most common cause of mortality in the first 48 hours of burn

A

Hypovolemic shock

134
Q

It is mediated by the production of a cascade of pro- inflammatory mediators produced in response to exposure to microbial products

A

Sepsis

135
Q

15-year-old male came to your clinic with a tender mass on his gluteal area. He was afebrile and seems comfortable. The mass was erythematous, fluctuant, and tender to touch. This outcome is an example of

A

None of the choices

136
Q

The presence of persistent hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation, without other identifiable causes in a patient with a documented infection

A

Septic shock

137
Q

A patient presents with an 8-cm linear laceration to the forearm from a bicycle accident. Compared with typical suturing techniques, which of the following outcomes is more likely with a cyanoacrylate glueonly closure?

A

Dehiscence

138
Q

An acute wound is defined as the one that has occurred within which one of the following timelines?

A

Within past 3-4 weeks

139
Q

Factors that determine the outcome of a microbial invasion include the following, except

A

Access of entry of pathogen

140
Q

Hallmark of partial thickness burns 4

A

Blister formation

141
Q

Which one of the following characteristics would differentiate a keloid from a hypertrophic scar?

A

Scarring beyond the original scar

142
Q

Pathophysiologic changes in a burn patient, except

A

Hypoglycemia

143
Q

True about trauma in pregnant patients

a. Emergent cesarian delivery is indicated at any time of the gestational period
b. Vaginal bleeding is the earliest sign of abruption placentae
c. In all stages of pregnancy, uterine compression of the vena cava may result in hypotension from diminished venous return
d. None of the choices

A

d. None of the choices

144
Q

An adult male patient sustained a head injury from a fall. He is in the ER ICU waiting for a cranial CT scan. You are asked to monitor for the Glasgow coma status of the patient every 15 minutes. Its components would include

A

Motor response and eye opening

145
Q

You are looking at a post-appendectomy wound at the right lower quadrant. It is on its 3rd post-operative day and has signs of a surgical site infection. The sign that is least observed in this case will be

A

Tumor

146
Q

An adult male underwent intestinal wedge resection & anastomosis for a Meckels diverticulum. Feeding will commence if the patient

A

Has passes flatus

147
Q

Measures to prevent respiratory complications in the elderly, except

A

Hyperalgesia

148
Q

Respiratory issues in the elderly

A

Aspiration

149
Q

Try about true about the surgeons workload in the elderly, except:

a. 60% of surgeons workload
b. 75% - mortality
c. 50% - emergency operations
d. None of the choices

A

d. None of the choices

150
Q

Physiologic age, which equals burden of disease, is known for

A

Decreased functional organ reserve

151
Q

The following are normal physiologic changes in pregnancy, except

A

Dilation of the hemorrhoidal veins caused by decreased in portal venous pressure

152
Q

A child sustained acute burns & is being resuscitated in the ER. The monitoring of the _____ is a measure of the adequacy of fluid resuscitation

A

Urine output

153
Q

A female adult patient presents to you in the ER. She claims to have undergone major abdominal surgery for cancer but was lost to follow-up. She remembered being told that she must have a CA 19-9 monitoring to determine recurrence of cancer. She must have
undergone _____ surgery

A

Pancreatic

154
Q

A male adult patient presents to you in the ER. He claims to have undergone major abdominal surgery for cancer but was lost to follow-up. He remembered being told that he must have a CEA monitoring to determine recurrence of cancer. He must have undergone ____ surgery.

A

Rectal

155
Q

The following is/are true about laparoscopy during pregnancy

A

Safe abdominal access is attained using open technique

156
Q

Cardiovascular findings in the elderly

A

Reliance on end-diastolic volume

157
Q

A post total thyroidectomy patient complains of abdominal cramps 1 day after surgery. With the complication you are most likely to consider and the intervention done, you will prioritize monitoring of

A

Both heart rate and blood pressure

158
Q

True about indications for emergency cesarean delivery in a pregnant trauma patient

A

Gravid uterus interferes with trauma related surgical intervention

159
Q

An adult female underwent emergency abdominal surgery for a perforated peptic ulcer. If atelectasis needs to be prevented, monitoring will be intensely done on the _____ post-operative day

A

1st

160
Q

For most part, the fetus experiences as a consequence of anesthetic agents administered to the mother

A

Passive effect

161
Q

True about maternal uterine circulation:

a. Uterine circulation is autoregulated
b. Vasopressors, like phenylephrine, have little or no effect in maintaining maternal blood pressure
c. None of the choices
d. During the third trimester, uterine circulation represents almost 30% of cardiac output

A

c. None of the choices

162
Q

True about thermoregulation in the elderly, except

A

Predisposition to hyperthermia

163
Q

True about body composition of the elderly, except

a) Decreased muscle mass
b) Erosion of muscle mass
c) Decreased fat mass
d) Altered volumes of drug distribution

A

c) Decreased fat mass

164
Q

The following are part of pre-operative assessments in the elderly, except

a. Emotional
b. Cognitive
c. Nutritional
d. Co-morbid conditions

A

a. Emotional

165
Q

True about acute appendicitis and cholecystitis in the elderly, except:

a. Rule of thirds
b. Two-thirds have elevated leukocyte count
c. More than half has fever
d. One-third has no peritoneal finding

A

b. Two-thirds have elevated leukocyte count

166
Q

On PE of a 29 y.. G2P1 pregnant patient, 36 weeks AOG at the Emergency Room, she was noted to have clear fluid actively oozing through her vaginal canal. She could be experiencing

A

Premature rupture of amniotic membrane

167
Q

Johns Hopkins Frailty Criteria

a. unintentional weight loss
b. Slowness while running
c. Exhaustion and muscles stiffness
d. High levels of activity

A

a. unintentional weight loss

168
Q

A burn patient is receiving silver sulfadiazine as dressing for wounds for about a month now. Knowing of its possible complication, you request for _____ and specifically look for

a. ABG Metabolic alkalosis
b. ABG Metabolic acidosis
c. CBC lymphocytosis
d. CBC neutropenia

A

d. CBC neutropenia

169
Q

A 34-year-old pregnant patient 22 weeks AOG was brought to the ER because of a possible fracture of her right femur after a fall. She was awake and coherent. Her vital signs are normal. Fetal heart rate was slight elevated. Appropriate management includes the following

A

Start IV fluid and do fluid resuscitation

170
Q

A trauma patient is being monitored for abdominal compartment syndrome by measuring the

a. Arterial blood gas
b. NGT output
c. Central venous pressure
d. Urine output

A

d. Urine output

171
Q

A 28 year old pregnant female, 24 weeks AOG was ran over by a speeding motor vehicle while she was crossing the street. At the ER, she was examined to have a bulging hematoma on her perineal area. A pelvic x-ray was done. The estimated fetal radiation exposure in doing plain x-ray of the pelvis in cGy

A

0.06

COMPREHENSIVE EXAM (11 decks)

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