OVERVIEW OF OBSTETRICS Flashcards
Interval between the birth of an infant after 20 weeks’ gestation (or 500 g birthweight) and the 28 completed days after that birth
PERINATAL PERIOD
The complete expulsion or extraction from the mother of a fetus after 20 weeks’ gestation (or 500 g birthweight)
BIRTH
< 500 g are not considered as births but are termed _______.
ABORTUSES
The weight of a neonate determined right after delivery expressed to the nearest gram
BIRTHWEIGHT
The number of live births per 1000 population
BIRTH RATE
Formula of birth rate:
no. of live births x 1000
total population
The number of live births per females aged 15 through 44 years
FERTILITY RATE
Formula for fertility rate:
no. of live births
15-44 y.o females
A birth whenever the newborn at or sometime after birth breathes spontaneously or shows any other sign of life or heartbeat
Live birth
Definite spontaneous movement of voluntary muscles
LIVE BIRTH
The absence of signs of life at or after birth
STILLBIRTH OR FETAL DEATH
Death of a liveborn neonate during the first 7 days after birth
EARLY NEONATAL DEATH
Death after 7 days but before 29 days
LATE NEONATAL DEATH
The number of stillborn neonates per 1000 neonates born (livebirths and stillbirths)
STILLBIRTH RATE OR FETAL DEATH RATE
Formula for stillbirth rate:
stillbirths x 1000
livebirths + stillbirths
The number of neonatal deaths per 1000 live births
NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE
Formula for neonatal mortality rate:
neonatal deaths_ x 1000
live births
The number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000 total births
PERINATAL MORTALITY RATE
Formula for perinatal mortality rate:
stillbirths + neonatal deaths\_\_\_ x1000 total births (live birth + stillbirth)
All deaths of liveborn infants from birth through 12 months of age
INFANT DEATH
The number of infant deaths per 1000 live births
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
Formula for infant mortality rate:
infant deaths x 1000
livebirths
A newborn whose weight is <2500
LOW BIRTHWEIGHT
Weight is < 1500 g
VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT
Weight is <1000 g
EXTREMELY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT
A neonate born any time after 37 completed weeks and up until 42 completed weeks of gestation
TERM NEONATE
Early term
37 to 38 6/7 weeks
Full term
39 to 40 6/7 weeks
Late term
41 to 41 6/7 weeks
A neonate born before 37 weeks
PRETERM NEONATE
A neonate born anytime after completion of the 42nd week
POSTERM NEONATE
A fetus or embryo removed or expelled from the uterus during the first half of gestation- 20 weeks or less, or in the absence of accurate dating criteria, born weighing < 500
ABORTUS
The purposeful interruption of an intrauterine pregnancy that has the intention other than to produce a liveborn neonate and that does not result in a live birth
INDUCED TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY
The death of a mother that results from obstetrical complications of pregnancy, labor, or the puerperium and from interventions, omissions, incorrect treatment, or a chain of events resulting from any of these factors
DIRECT MATERNAL DEATH
A maternal death not directly due to an obstetrical cause. Death results from previously existing disease or a disease developing during pregnancy, labor, or the puerperium that was aggravated by maternal physiological adaptation to pregnancy
INDIRECT MATERNAL DEATH
Death of the mother that results from accidental or incidental causes not related to pregnancy
NONMATERNAL DEATH
The number of maternal deaths that result from the reproductive process per 100,000 live births
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO
Other terms for maternal mortality ratio:
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
MATERNAL DEATH RATE
The numerator in maternal mortality ratio includes:
number of deaths regardless of pregnancy outcome (live births, stillbirths, ectopic)
The denominator in maternal mortality ratio includes:
number of live births
The death of a woman, from any cause, while pregnant or within 1calendar year of termination of pregnancy, regardless of the duration and the site of pregnancy
PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED DEATH
A pregnancy-associated death that results from:
(1) complications of pregnancy itself
(2) the chain of events initiated by pregnancy that led to death
(3) aggravation of an unrelated condition by the physiological or pharmacological effects of pregnancy and that subsequently caused death
Measures of obstetrical care:
- Perinatal mortality
- Infant deaths
- Maternal mortality
- Severe maternal morbidity
Maternal mortality:
- Hemorrhage
- Gestational hypertension
- Infection
TIMELY TOPICS IN OBSTETRICS (RISING CESAREAN DELIVERY RATE)
- The major indication for primary ceasarean delivery is dystocia
- The sharp decline in vaginal births after cesarean section (VBAC) is related to uterine rupture risk associated labor
- The cesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR) contribute to the rise
- Near-term and term pregnancy labor induction is common-place and failed inductions contribute to the cesarean delivery
