GP PREFINALS EVALS

Question 1

A 23 year old woman has a routine health status examination. Her body mass index is 22. Laboratory studies show fasting plasma glucose is 120 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows mild glucosuria, but no ketonuria or
proteinuria. She has no detectable insulin autoantibodies. Her father was similarly affected at age 20. She is most likely to have a mutation in a gene encoding for which of the following?

Answer 1

Glucokinase

Question 2

Which of the following parameters is expected in Addison’s disease?

Answer 2

Aldosterone is decreased

Question 3

Pathologic finding in patients with diabetes

Answer 3

Reduction in islet size

Question 4

Important environmental risk factor for diabetes type 1.

Answer 4

Viral infection

Question 5

Which of the following is characteristic of diabetes type 2?

Answer 5

Genetic factor play a more important role

Question 6

Hallmark of diabetic macrovascular disease

Answer 6

Accelerated artherosclerosis

Question 7

Level of plasma renin in secondary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 7

High

Question 8

Which of the following is an ACTH dependent cause of increase in cortisol level?

Answer 8

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Question 9

A 24 year old female suddenly died after complaining of sore throat for 1 week. At autopsy her adrenals are
bilaterally enlarged and with extensive cortical haemorrhages. Infection with which of the following
organisms best accounts for these findings?

Answer 9

Neisseria meningitides

Question 10

Most common acute complication of diabetes

Answer 10

Hypoglycemia

Question 11

Important glomerular lesions in diabetes are capillary membrane thickening, diffuse mesangial sclerosis, and ____

Answer 11

Nodular glomerulosclerosis

Question 12

If cushings syndrome is caused by an adrenal tumor, which of the following characteristics is expected in the pituitary gland?

Answer 12

Presence of intermediate keratin filament in ACTH producing cells

Question 13

MEN 2 is caused by which of the following genetic alteration?

Answer 13

RET protooncogene

Question 14

Common clinical presentation of patients with pheochromocytoma

Answer 14

Hypertension

Question 15

Most common manifestation of MEN 1 syndrome

Answer 15

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 16

What is the most common location of osteosarcoma?

Answer 16

Femur

Question 17

56 year old female patient ovarian cancer survivor suddenly developed a fracture on the left tibia. This fracture is an example of?

Answer 17

Pathologic fracture

Question 18

Which of the following is associated with Mazabraud syndrome?

Answer 18

Myxoma

Question 19

Which of the following tumors exhibit a stalk?

Answer 19

Osteochondroma

Question 20

This tumor exhibits RANKL elaboration by tumor cells

Answer 20

Giant cell tumor

Question 21

Which of the following cells possess the LRP5/6 receptor for osteoprotegerin?

Answer 21

Osteoblast

Question 22

Which of the following is associated with CLCN7 deficiency?

Answer 22

Osteopetrosis

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of dysostosis?

Answer 23

Camptomelic dysplasia

Question 24

Inflammatory cells strongly associated with urticarial

Answer 24

Mast cell

Question 25

Give the term referring to the growth feature of benign nevi caused by activation of RAS or BRAF genes but is indistinctively absent in melanomas

Answer 25

Oncogene-induced senescence

Question 26

Abnormal keratinization seen in the lower layers of the epidermis

Answer 26

Dyskeratosis

Question 27

Name the condition associated with functional focal abnormality in the melanocyte pigment production but no increase in the number of melanocytes

Answer 27

Freckle/ephelis

Question 28

Traumatic lesion breaking the epidermis causing a role in your area, often self-induced

Answer 28

Excoriation

Question 29

Cellular element of the epidermis known to play a central role in eczematous dermatitis

Answer 29

Langerhans cell

Question 30

Skin lesion associated with the Lesser-Trelat sign

Answer 30

Seborrheic keratoses

Question 31

In ichthyosis, the deficiency of this enzyme result in persistent cell-to-cell adhesion with consequent failure in proper desquamation. Identify this enzyme.

Answer 31

Steroid sulfatase

Question 32

Major differential diagnosis for trichoepithelioma

Answer 32

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 33

Term used to describe the detachment of keratinocytes due to changes involving the intracellular junction

Answer 33

Acantholysis

Question 34

This refers to the decreased bone mass 1 to 2.5 standard deviation below the mean peak bone mass

Answer 34

Osteopenia

Question 35

Give the other name of osteochondroma

Answer 35

Exostosis

Question 36

Papilledema is a condition characterized by swelling in which eye structure?

Answer 36

Optic nerve

Question 37

Cataract affects which structure of the eye?

Answer 37

lens

Question 38

The most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults?

Answer 38

Melanoma

Question 39

Which structure is not involved in uveitis?

Answer 39

Lens

Question 40

What happens to the eye in phthisis bulbi?

Answer 40

Shrink

Question 41

Hypertension will cause the development of what condition to the retinal arterioles?

Answer 41

Arteriosclerosis

Question 42

Flexner Wintersteiner rosettes are seen in

Answer 42

Retinoblastoma

Question 43

Retinal lymphoma is mostly of what type?

Answer 43

B cell lymphoma

Question 44

Endopthalmitis entails inflammation of which part of the eye?

Answer 44

Vitreous

Question 45

Which structure undergoes apoptosis in retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 45

Both (Rods and cones)

Question 46

This is characterized by incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres across the midline

Answer 46

Holoprocencephaly

Question 47

This organism causes soap and bubble appearance in brain tissue

Answer 47

C. neoformans

Question 48

This is characterized by malformation of the anterior end of the neural tube, withabsence of most of the brain and calvarium

Answer 48

Anencephaly

Question 49

This is a rare progressive clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive decline, spasticity of limbs, and seizures. This condition is associated with measles infection

Answer 49

Subacute sclerosing pancencephalitis

Question 50

This forebrain anomaly is associated with Trisomy 13

Answer 50

Holoprocencephaly

Question 51

This organism causes acute meningitis with basal distribution of exudates

Answer 51

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 52

This is due to rupture of middle meningeal artery

Answer 52

Epidural hematoma

Question 53

This is characterized by enlarged posterior fossa

Answer 53

Dandy walker malformation

Question 54

This is characterized by rapidly progressing dementia due to mutation in PRNP gene

Answer 54

Creutzfeldt Jakob disease

Question 55

This refers to extension of CNS tissue through a defect in the vertebral column

Answer 55

Myelomeningocele

Question 56

_____ are osteophytes seen at the distal interphalangeal joints of individuals with osteoarthritis

Answer 56

Heberden nodes

Question 57

Which of the following describes Desmoid tumors?

Answer 57

Contain mutation of PAX3 gene

Question 58

Which of the following is FALSE regarding Ganglion Cysts

Answer 58

Lined by simple squamous epithelium

Question 59

Which of the following is FALSE regarding synovial sarcoma?

Answer 59

Cell of origin are synoviocytes

Question 60

This is a self-limited fibroblastic and myofibroblastic proliferation that typically occurs in young adults

Answer 60

Nodular fasciitis

Question 61

Which of the following is not a components of reactive arthritis?

Answer 61

Gonococcal urethritis

Question 62

What microorganism is commonly isolated as a cause of suppurative arthritis in patients with sickle cell disease?

Answer 62

Salmonella

Question 63

On polarizing microscope, monosodium urate crystals are?

Answer 63

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

Question 64

Rheumatoid factor is?

Answer 64

an IgM or IgA autoantibody that binds to | Fc portion of self IgG

Question 65

Spider cells are seen in?

Answer 65

Rhabdomyoma

Question 66

Mutations in this gene is associated with the development of leiomyomas

Answer 66

Fumarate hydratase

Question 67

Ledderhose disease is a type of?

Answer 67

Superficial fibromatosis

Question 68

Which of the following is false regarding spondyloarthropathies?

Answer 68

associated with HLA-B37

Question 69

What cytogenetic abnormality is found in nodular fasciitis that results in MYH9-USP6 gene fusion?

Answer 69

Translocation of Chromosome 17 and 22

Question 70

Which of the following is not involved in the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis?

Answer 70

damage to the joint initiated by CD4+ | helper T cells

Question 71

Which is present in Guillain-Barre syndrome?

Answer 71

Both (inflammation of peripheral nerves and segmental demyelination)

Question 72

Wallerian degeneration is seen in

Answer 72

Axonal neuropathies

Question 73

Neuronal injury can be present in:

Answer 73

Both (Lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy)

Question 74

Which is often associated with thymic hyperplasia?

Answer 74

Myasthenia gravis

Question 75

Vasculitis can cause which anatomic pattern of peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 75

Mononeuritis multiplex

Question 76

traumatic pseudotumor can develop in

Answer 76

Axonal neuropathies

Question 77

Which condition is characterized by blockade of acetylcholine release?

Answer 77

Lambert eaton myesthenic syndrome

Question 78

Which condition is characterized by blockade of acetylcholine release?

Answer 78

Lambert Eaton Myesthenic syndrome

Question 79

Injury to Schwann cells can be seen in:

Answer 79

Both (Lepromatous and tuberculoid)

Question 80

What condition causes infection of the Schwann cells?

Answer 80

Hansen disease

Question 81

Herpes zoster infection can cause which of the following?

Answer 81

Neuronopathies