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COMPREHENSIVE EXAM > GP PREFINALS EVALS > Flashcards

GP PREFINALS EVALS Flashcards

1
Q

A 23 year old woman has a routine health status examination. Her body mass index is 22. Laboratory studies show fasting plasma glucose is 120 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows mild glucosuria, but no ketonuria or
proteinuria. She has no detectable insulin autoantibodies. Her father was similarly affected at age 20. She is most likely to have a mutation in a gene encoding for which of the following?

A

Glucokinase

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2
Q

Which of the following parameters is expected in Addison’s disease?

A

Aldosterone is decreased

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3
Q

Pathologic finding in patients with diabetes

A

Reduction in islet size

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4
Q

Important environmental risk factor for diabetes type 1.

A

Viral infection

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5
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of diabetes type 2?

A

Genetic factor play a more important role

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6
Q

Hallmark of diabetic macrovascular disease

A

Accelerated artherosclerosis

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7
Q

Level of plasma renin in secondary hyperaldosteronism

A

High

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8
Q

Which of the following is an ACTH dependent cause of increase in cortisol level?

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

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9
Q

A 24 year old female suddenly died after complaining of sore throat for 1 week. At autopsy her adrenals are
bilaterally enlarged and with extensive cortical haemorrhages. Infection with which of the following
organisms best accounts for these findings?

A

Neisseria meningitides

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10
Q

Most common acute complication of diabetes

A

Hypoglycemia

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11
Q

Important glomerular lesions in diabetes are capillary membrane thickening, diffuse mesangial sclerosis, and ____

A

Nodular glomerulosclerosis

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12
Q

If cushings syndrome is caused by an adrenal tumor, which of the following characteristics is expected in the pituitary gland?

A

Presence of intermediate keratin filament in ACTH producing cells

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13
Q

MEN 2 is caused by which of the following genetic alteration?

A

RET protooncogene

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14
Q

Common clinical presentation of patients with pheochromocytoma

A

Hypertension

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15
Q

Most common manifestation of MEN 1 syndrome

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

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16
Q

What is the most common location of osteosarcoma?

A

Femur

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17
Q

56 year old female patient ovarian cancer survivor suddenly developed a fracture on the left tibia. This fracture is an example of?

A

Pathologic fracture

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18
Q

Which of the following is associated with Mazabraud syndrome?

A

Myxoma

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19
Q

Which of the following tumors exhibit a stalk?

A

Osteochondroma

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20
Q

This tumor exhibits RANKL elaboration by tumor cells

A

Giant cell tumor

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21
Q

Which of the following cells possess the LRP5/6 receptor for osteoprotegerin?

A

Osteoblast

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22
Q

Which of the following is associated with CLCN7 deficiency?

A

Osteopetrosis

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23
Q

Which of the following is an example of dysostosis?

A

Camptomelic dysplasia

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24
Q

Inflammatory cells strongly associated with urticarial

A

Mast cell

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25
Q

Give the term referring to the growth feature of benign nevi caused by activation of RAS or BRAF genes but is indistinctively absent in melanomas

A

Oncogene-induced senescence

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26
Q

Abnormal keratinization seen in the lower layers of the epidermis

A

Dyskeratosis

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27
Q

Name the condition associated with functional focal abnormality in the melanocyte pigment production but no increase in the number of melanocytes

A

Freckle/ephelis

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28
Q

Traumatic lesion breaking the epidermis causing a role in your area, often self-induced

A

Excoriation

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29
Q

Cellular element of the epidermis known to play a central role in eczematous dermatitis

A

Langerhans cell

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30
Q

Skin lesion associated with the Lesser-Trelat sign

A

Seborrheic keratoses

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31
Q

In ichthyosis, the deficiency of this enzyme result in persistent cell-to-cell adhesion with consequent failure in proper desquamation. Identify this enzyme.

A

Steroid sulfatase

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32
Q

Major differential diagnosis for trichoepithelioma

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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33
Q

Term used to describe the detachment of keratinocytes due to changes involving the
intracellular junction

A

Acantholysis

34
Q

This refers to the decreased bone mass 1 to 2.5 standard deviation below the mean peak bone mass

A

Osteopenia

35
Q

Give the other name of osteochondroma

A

Exostosis

36
Q

Papilledema is a condition characterized by swelling in which eye structure?

A

Optic nerve

37
Q

Cataract affects which structure of the eye?

A

lens

38
Q

The most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults?

A

Melanoma

39
Q

Which structure is not involved in uveitis?

A

Lens

40
Q

What happens to the eye in phthisis bulbi?

A

Shrink

41
Q

Hypertension will cause the development of what condition to the retinal arterioles?

A

Arteriosclerosis

42
Q

Flexner Wintersteiner rosettes are seen in

A

Retinoblastoma

43
Q

Retinal lymphoma is mostly of what type?

A

B cell lymphoma

44
Q

Endopthalmitis entails inflammation of which part of the eye?

A

Vitreous

45
Q

Which structure undergoes apoptosis in retinitis pigmentosa?

A

Both (Rods and cones)

46
Q

This is characterized by incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres across the midline

A

Holoprocencephaly

47
Q

This organism causes soap and bubble appearance in brain tissue

A

C. neoformans

48
Q

This is characterized by malformation of the anterior end of the neural tube, withabsence of most of the brain and calvarium

A

Anencephaly

49
Q

This is a rare progressive clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive decline, spasticity of limbs, and seizures. This condition is associated with measles infection

A

Subacute sclerosing pancencephalitis

50
Q

This forebrain anomaly is associated with Trisomy 13

A

Holoprocencephaly

51
Q

This organism causes acute meningitis with basal distribution of exudates

A

Haemophilus influenzae

52
Q

This is due to rupture of middle meningeal artery

A

Epidural hematoma

53
Q

This is characterized by enlarged posterior fossa

A

Dandy walker malformation

54
Q

This is characterized by rapidly progressing dementia due to mutation in PRNP gene

A

Creutzfeldt Jakob disease

55
Q

This refers to extension of CNS tissue through a defect in the vertebral column

A

Myelomeningocele

56
Q

_____ are osteophytes seen at the distal interphalangeal joints of individuals with osteoarthritis

A

Heberden nodes

57
Q

Which of the following describes Desmoid tumors?

A

Contain mutation of PAX3 gene

58
Q

Which of the following is FALSE regarding Ganglion Cysts

A

Lined by simple squamous epithelium

59
Q

Which of the following is FALSE regarding synovial sarcoma?

A

Cell of origin are synoviocytes

60
Q

This is a self-limited fibroblastic and myofibroblastic proliferation that typically occurs in young adults

A

Nodular fasciitis

61
Q

Which of the following is not a components of reactive arthritis?

A

Gonococcal urethritis

62
Q

What microorganism is commonly isolated as a cause of suppurative arthritis in patients with sickle cell disease?

A

Salmonella

63
Q

On polarizing microscope, monosodium urate crystals are?

A

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

64
Q

Rheumatoid factor is?

A

an IgM or IgA autoantibody that binds to

Fc portion of self IgG

65
Q

Spider cells are seen in?

A

Rhabdomyoma

66
Q

Mutations in this gene is associated with the development of leiomyomas

A

Fumarate hydratase

67
Q

Ledderhose disease is a type of?

A

Superficial fibromatosis

68
Q

Which of the following is false regarding spondyloarthropathies?

A

associated with HLA-B37

69
Q

What cytogenetic abnormality is found in nodular fasciitis that results in MYH9-USP6 gene fusion?

A

Translocation of Chromosome 17 and 22

70
Q

Which of the following is not involved in the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis?

A

damage to the joint initiated by CD4+

helper T cells

71
Q

Which is present in Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

Both (inflammation of peripheral nerves and segmental demyelination)

72
Q

Wallerian degeneration is seen in

A

Axonal neuropathies

73
Q

Neuronal injury can be present in:

A

Both (Lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy)

74
Q

Which is often associated with thymic hyperplasia?

A

Myasthenia gravis

75
Q

Vasculitis can cause which anatomic pattern of peripheral neuropathy?

A

Mononeuritis multiplex

76
Q

traumatic pseudotumor can develop in

A

Axonal neuropathies

77
Q

Which condition is characterized by blockade of acetylcholine release?

A

Lambert eaton myesthenic syndrome

78
Q

Which condition is characterized by blockade of acetylcholine release?

A

Lambert Eaton Myesthenic syndrome

79
Q

Injury to Schwann cells can be seen in:

A

Both (Lepromatous and tuberculoid)

80
Q

What condition causes infection of the Schwann cells?

A

Hansen disease

81
Q

Herpes zoster infection can cause which of the following?

A

Neuronopathies

COMPREHENSIVE EXAM (11 decks)

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