GP PREFINALS EVALS Flashcards
A 23 year old woman has a routine health status examination. Her body mass index is 22. Laboratory studies show fasting plasma glucose is 120 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows mild glucosuria, but no ketonuria or
proteinuria. She has no detectable insulin autoantibodies. Her father was similarly affected at age 20. She is most likely to have a mutation in a gene encoding for which of the following?
Glucokinase
Which of the following parameters is expected in Addison’s disease?
Aldosterone is decreased
Pathologic finding in patients with diabetes
Reduction in islet size
Important environmental risk factor for diabetes type 1.
Viral infection
Which of the following is characteristic of diabetes type 2?
Genetic factor play a more important role
Hallmark of diabetic macrovascular disease
Accelerated artherosclerosis
Level of plasma renin in secondary hyperaldosteronism
High
Which of the following is an ACTH dependent cause of increase in cortisol level?
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
A 24 year old female suddenly died after complaining of sore throat for 1 week. At autopsy her adrenals are
bilaterally enlarged and with extensive cortical haemorrhages. Infection with which of the following
organisms best accounts for these findings?
Neisseria meningitides
Most common acute complication of diabetes
Hypoglycemia
Important glomerular lesions in diabetes are capillary membrane thickening, diffuse mesangial sclerosis, and ____
Nodular glomerulosclerosis
If cushings syndrome is caused by an adrenal tumor, which of the following characteristics is expected in the pituitary gland?
Presence of intermediate keratin filament in ACTH producing cells
MEN 2 is caused by which of the following genetic alteration?
RET protooncogene
Common clinical presentation of patients with pheochromocytoma
Hypertension
Most common manifestation of MEN 1 syndrome
Primary hyperparathyroidism
What is the most common location of osteosarcoma?
Femur
56 year old female patient ovarian cancer survivor suddenly developed a fracture on the left tibia. This fracture is an example of?
Pathologic fracture
Which of the following is associated with Mazabraud syndrome?
Myxoma
Which of the following tumors exhibit a stalk?
Osteochondroma
This tumor exhibits RANKL elaboration by tumor cells
Giant cell tumor
Which of the following cells possess the LRP5/6 receptor for osteoprotegerin?
Osteoblast
Which of the following is associated with CLCN7 deficiency?
Osteopetrosis
Which of the following is an example of dysostosis?
Camptomelic dysplasia
Inflammatory cells strongly associated with urticarial
Mast cell
Give the term referring to the growth feature of benign nevi caused by activation of RAS or BRAF genes but is indistinctively absent in melanomas
Oncogene-induced senescence
Abnormal keratinization seen in the lower layers of the epidermis
Dyskeratosis
Name the condition associated with functional focal abnormality in the melanocyte pigment production but no increase in the number of melanocytes
Freckle/ephelis
Traumatic lesion breaking the epidermis causing a role in your area, often self-induced
Excoriation
Cellular element of the epidermis known to play a central role in eczematous dermatitis
Langerhans cell
Skin lesion associated with the Lesser-Trelat sign
Seborrheic keratoses
In ichthyosis, the deficiency of this enzyme result in persistent cell-to-cell adhesion with consequent failure in proper desquamation. Identify this enzyme.
Steroid sulfatase
Major differential diagnosis for trichoepithelioma
Basal cell carcinoma
Term used to describe the detachment of keratinocytes due to changes involving the
intracellular junction
Acantholysis
This refers to the decreased bone mass 1 to 2.5 standard deviation below the mean peak bone mass
Osteopenia
Give the other name of osteochondroma
Exostosis
Papilledema is a condition characterized by swelling in which eye structure?
Optic nerve
Cataract affects which structure of the eye?
lens
The most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults?
Melanoma
Which structure is not involved in uveitis?
Lens
What happens to the eye in phthisis bulbi?
Shrink
Hypertension will cause the development of what condition to the retinal arterioles?
Arteriosclerosis
Flexner Wintersteiner rosettes are seen in
Retinoblastoma
Retinal lymphoma is mostly of what type?
B cell lymphoma
Endopthalmitis entails inflammation of which part of the eye?
Vitreous
Which structure undergoes apoptosis in retinitis pigmentosa?
Both (Rods and cones)
This is characterized by incomplete separation of the cerebral hemispheres across the midline
Holoprocencephaly
This organism causes soap and bubble appearance in brain tissue
C. neoformans
This is characterized by malformation of the anterior end of the neural tube, withabsence of most of the brain and calvarium
Anencephaly
This is a rare progressive clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive decline, spasticity of limbs, and seizures. This condition is associated with measles infection
Subacute sclerosing pancencephalitis
This forebrain anomaly is associated with Trisomy 13
Holoprocencephaly
This organism causes acute meningitis with basal distribution of exudates
Haemophilus influenzae
This is due to rupture of middle meningeal artery
Epidural hematoma
This is characterized by enlarged posterior fossa
Dandy walker malformation
This is characterized by rapidly progressing dementia due to mutation in PRNP gene
Creutzfeldt Jakob disease
This refers to extension of CNS tissue through a defect in the vertebral column
Myelomeningocele
_____ are osteophytes seen at the distal interphalangeal joints of individuals with osteoarthritis
Heberden nodes
Which of the following describes Desmoid tumors?
Contain mutation of PAX3 gene
Which of the following is FALSE regarding Ganglion Cysts
Lined by simple squamous epithelium
Which of the following is FALSE regarding synovial sarcoma?
Cell of origin are synoviocytes
This is a self-limited fibroblastic and myofibroblastic proliferation that typically occurs in young adults
Nodular fasciitis
Which of the following is not a components of reactive arthritis?
Gonococcal urethritis
What microorganism is commonly isolated as a cause of suppurative arthritis in patients with sickle cell disease?
Salmonella
On polarizing microscope, monosodium urate crystals are?
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Rheumatoid factor is?
an IgM or IgA autoantibody that binds to
Fc portion of self IgG
Spider cells are seen in?
Rhabdomyoma
Mutations in this gene is associated with the development of leiomyomas
Fumarate hydratase
Ledderhose disease is a type of?
Superficial fibromatosis
Which of the following is false regarding spondyloarthropathies?
associated with HLA-B37
What cytogenetic abnormality is found in nodular fasciitis that results in MYH9-USP6 gene fusion?
Translocation of Chromosome 17 and 22
Which of the following is not involved in the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis?
damage to the joint initiated by CD4+
helper T cells
Which is present in Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Both (inflammation of peripheral nerves and segmental demyelination)
Wallerian degeneration is seen in
Axonal neuropathies
Neuronal injury can be present in:
Both (Lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy)
Which is often associated with thymic hyperplasia?
Myasthenia gravis
Vasculitis can cause which anatomic pattern of peripheral neuropathy?
Mononeuritis multiplex
traumatic pseudotumor can develop in
Axonal neuropathies
Which condition is characterized by blockade of acetylcholine release?
Lambert eaton myesthenic syndrome
Which condition is characterized by blockade of acetylcholine release?
Lambert Eaton Myesthenic syndrome
Injury to Schwann cells can be seen in:
Both (Lepromatous and tuberculoid)
What condition causes infection of the Schwann cells?
Hansen disease
Herpes zoster infection can cause which of the following?
Neuronopathies
