Surgery passmed points

Question 1

what type of cancer is assoc with barretts oesophagus

Answer 1

adenocarcinoma

Question 2

what is the MOA of anastrozole

Answer 2

aromatase inhibitor
- same as letrozole
- give to post menop women with breast cancer

Question 3

how to treat local anaesthetic toxicity?

Answer 3

IV 20% lipid emulsion

• occurs if too much LA gets into venous system

Question 4

signs and symptoms of ductal ectasia?

Answer 4

benign
symmetrical slit like contraction of nipple
cheese like discharge

Question 5

best treatment for stones caused by high calcium?

Answer 5

thiazide like diuretics

Question 6

management plan for women with breast cancer but no palpable axillary lymphadenopathy?

Answer 6

pre-op axillary US before primary surgery and if negative = sentinel LN biopsy to assess nodal burden

Question 7

management plan for women with breast cancer and palpable axillary lymphadenopathy?

Answer 7

axillary LN clearance is indicated at primary surgery

can cause arm lymphoedmea and functional arm impairment

Question 8

complication of patients on long term mechanical ventilation?

Answer 8

Tracheosophageal fistula
-> due to increased pressure of tracheosomy or prolonged intubation

Question 9

complications of a TOF in pts with long term mechanical ventilation

Answer 9

aspiration pneumonia
air leak
cough

Question 10

what type of cancer is comedo necrosis associated with?

Answer 10

breast -> ductal carcinoma in situ

this has high rate of progression to invasive

Question 11

how long to stop COCP before a surgery

Answer 11

4 weeks before

Question 12

indications for open revascularisation/bypass surgery in PAD?

Answer 12

diffuse disease
or stenosis >10cm

Question 13

what is fibroadenosis?

Answer 13

fibrocystic disease, benign mammary dysplasia

Most common in middle-aged women

‘Lumpy’ breasts which may be painful.

Symptoms may worsen prior to menstruation