pharmacology Flashcards
HRT of choice in perimenopausal women
systemic cyclical combined
adverse effects of quinilones - ciprofloxacin
lower seizure threshold
tendon damage
lengthens QT interval
contraindications in pt for quinilones
avoid in breastfeeding and G6PDH
ectasy poisoning fx
neurological: agitation, anxiety, confusion, ataxia
cardiovascular: tachycardia, hypertension
hyponatraemia
this may result from either syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion or excessive water consumption whilst taking MDMA
hyperthermia
rhabdomyolysi
drugs that cause lung fibrosis
amiodarone
bleomycin
DMARDS - metho and sulfa
Ergots - bromocriptine, cabergoline
Furantoin
side effects metformin
GI
lactic acidosis
SE sulfonylurea
hypoglycemia
increased appetite + weight gain
SIADH
liver dysfunction
SE glitazones
weight gain
fluid retention -> worsen HF
fracture
liver dysfunc
SE gliptins
pancreatitis
adverse effects of macrolides
prolong QTc
GI SE
cholestatic jaundice
P450 inhibitor
azith - tinnitus and HL
gentamicin adverse effects
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity -> ATN
CI in myasthenia gravis
digoxin toxicity fx and mx
fx
- N+V
- confusion
- yellow-green vision
- arrhythmias
- gynecomastia
mx
- digibind
- monitor K
- correct arrhythmias
toxic digoxin level
likelihood increases from 1.5to 3mcg/L
digoxin monitoring
measure only if suspected toxicity between 8-12 hours after last dose
treatment for low magnesium
if <0.4 or tetany, arrhthymias, seizure then give IV magnesium sulphate
what factors can precipitate digoxin toxicity
hypokalaemia - potassium also binds to the ATPase pump so if there is less potassium then more digoxin can bind and cause toxicity
renal failure
MI
hypothyroidism
amiodarone
quinidine
verapamil
diltazem
thiazides, loops, spironolactone
adverse effects of heparin
bleeding
thrombocytopenia
osteoporosis
hyperkalaemia
heparin induced thrombocytopenia
metformin ad CT scans
discontinue its use for 48 hours after scan due to renal impairment
Metformin should also be stopped in chronic kidney disease if the creatinine is > 150 mmol/l (or eGFR < 30 ml/min).
oragnophosphate insecticide poisoning px
D: defaecation & diaphoresis.
U: urinary incontinence.
M: miosis (pupil constriction).
B: bradycardia
E: emesis.
L: lacrimation.
S: salivation.
diclofenac is contraindicated wirth?
any form of CVD
LMWH has greatest inhib effect on which protein the coag cascade
factor Xa
most important monitoring test for amiodarone
TFT
drug that induce urinary retention
tricyclic antidepressants e.g. amitriptyline
anticholinergics e.g. antipsychotics, antihistamines
opioids
NSAIDs
disopyramide
what type of ABX is gentamicin
aminoglycoside
common electrolyte abn with PPI
hypomagnesia
