Surgery of the urinary tract

Question 1

List 3 indications for renal surgery

Answer 1

Nephrectomy
renal biopsy
nephrotomy

Question 2

what is a prerequisite for performing a nephrectomy

Answer 2

that there is normal function of the contralateral kidney

Question 3

List 2 contraindications for nephrectomy

Answer 3

presence of azotaemia
persistent isosthenuria

Question 4

List 5 possible complications of renal surgery

Answer 4

renal pain
haemorrhage
Retroperitoneal and peritoneal urine leakage (uroabdomen)
Urinary tract infection
Compromise of renal function (renal failure)

Question 5

What pattern do you use to close a cystotomy

Answer 5

either:
one-layer - inverting (e.g. connell, cushing)
two-layer- Submucosal / mucosa and Seromuscular

Question 6

List 3 indications of tube cystostomy

Answer 6

Functional or mechanical obstruction of the bladder or urethra
Excessive urine retention (atonic bladder)
Post bladder / urethral surgery (urinary bypass)