Canine Diabetes Flashcards
List 7 clinical signs of diabetes mellitus
PUPD
polyphagia
weight loss
lethargy
diabetic cataracts
recurrent infections
ketotic breath
How can we confirm DM diagnosis
urinalysis (glucosuria)
fasting blood glucose levels
Describe how to treat DM in dogs
insulin
diet changes
Explain why a recent season can trigger DM in dogs
in metoestrus progesterone is high
progesterone increases blood glucose by inducing insulin resistance (???- I’m not completely sure how)
Describe type 1 DM
idiopathic immune-mediated destruction of beta cells leads to an insulin deficiency
Describe type 2 DM
Insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency
List 7 things that can cause type 1 DM
pancreatectomy
EPI
pancreatitis
auto-immunity
islet cell hypoplasia
chemical toxicity
congenital
List 7 things that can cause type 2 DM
progesterone
growth hormone
glucocorticoids
glucagon
catecholamines
thyroid
obesity
Describe the pathway for diabetes to occur
animal loses ability to produce insulin, glucose is no longer controlled and increases in the blood
OR
insulin resistance occurs and more insulin is produced to compensate this, eventually this doesn’t work either and glucose levels rise
Do most dogs have type 1 or type 2 DM
type 1 DM
What is a common reason dogs can get type 2 diabetes
bitches with high levels of progesteroen or dogs wit concurrent cushings
How do we treat dogs that are diabetic during their seasons
spay them
DEcsribe the signalment of DM in dogs
7-9 year old
females
How does DM cause PUPD
osmotic diuresis
How does DM cause polyphagia
insulin affect on the hypothalamic satiety centre
How does DM cause weight loss and lethargy
NEB
reduced glucose and AA uptake
Describe how diabetic cataracts occur
osmotic effects
Normally glucose in lens metabolised out
In diabetic patients, too much glucose, normal pathway saturated, so sorbitol produced which is not as soluble a draws water into lens
List 6 clincal signs of diabetic ketoacidosis
dull
depressed
weak
comatose
vomiting
dehydration
what is the best measure to see how bad diabetes is
fructosamine
what does fructosamine levels give an indication of
glycaemic control over the preceding 2-3 weeks
Describe how to treat a DKA dog
fluid therapy
insulin
Describe how to treat diabetic dog
routine managemetn
insulin
diet change
why do we need to make sure we have owner commitment before beginning diabetes treatment
because therpay is lifelong and expensive
why do we want diabetic patients to eat the same amount at the same time each day
so we dont have big swings in glucose/ insulin
List possible complications to insulin treatment
hypoglycaemia
- hunger, food seeking, altered judgement, ataxia, weakness, collapse, convulsions
