Canine Diabetes

Question 1

List 7 clinical signs of diabetes mellitus

Answer 1

PUPD
polyphagia
weight loss
lethargy
diabetic cataracts
recurrent infections
ketotic breath

Question 2

How can we confirm DM diagnosis

Answer 2

urinalysis (glucosuria)
fasting blood glucose levels

Question 3

Describe how to treat DM in dogs

Answer 3

insulin
diet changes

Question 4

Explain why a recent season can trigger DM in dogs

Answer 4

in metoestrus progesterone is high
progesterone increases blood glucose by inducing insulin resistance (???- I’m not completely sure how)

Question 5

Describe type 1 DM

Answer 5

idiopathic immune-mediated destruction of beta cells leads to an insulin deficiency

Question 6

Describe type 2 DM

Answer 6

Insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency

Question 7

List 7 things that can cause type 1 DM

Answer 7

pancreatectomy
EPI
pancreatitis
auto-immunity
islet cell hypoplasia
chemical toxicity
congenital

Question 8

List 7 things that can cause type 2 DM

Answer 8

progesterone
growth hormone
glucocorticoids
glucagon
catecholamines
thyroid
obesity

Question 9

Describe the pathway for diabetes to occur

Answer 9

animal loses ability to produce insulin, glucose is no longer controlled and increases in the blood

OR

insulin resistance occurs and more insulin is produced to compensate this, eventually this doesn’t work either and glucose levels rise

Question 10

Do most dogs have type 1 or type 2 DM

Answer 10

type 1 DM

Question 11

What is a common reason dogs can get type 2 diabetes

Answer 11

bitches with high levels of progesteroen or dogs wit concurrent cushings

Question 12

How do we treat dogs that are diabetic during their seasons

Answer 12

spay them

Question 13

DEcsribe the signalment of DM in dogs

Answer 13

7-9 year old
females

Question 14

How does DM cause PUPD

Answer 14

osmotic diuresis

Question 15

How does DM cause polyphagia

Answer 15

insulin affect on the hypothalamic satiety centre

Question 16

How does DM cause weight loss and lethargy

Answer 16

NEB
reduced glucose and AA uptake

Question 17

Describe how diabetic cataracts occur

Answer 17

osmotic effects
Normally glucose in lens metabolised out

In diabetic patients, too much glucose, normal pathway saturated, so sorbitol produced which is not as soluble a draws water into lens

Question 18

List 6 clincal signs of diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 18

dull
depressed
weak
comatose
vomiting
dehydration

Question 19

what is the best measure to see how bad diabetes is

Answer 19

fructosamine

Question 20

what does fructosamine levels give an indication of

Answer 20

glycaemic control over the preceding 2-3 weeks

Question 21

Describe how to treat a DKA dog

Answer 21

fluid therapy
insulin

Question 22

Describe how to treat diabetic dog

Answer 22

routine managemetn
insulin
diet change

Question 23

why do we need to make sure we have owner commitment before beginning diabetes treatment

Answer 23

because therpay is lifelong and expensive

Question 24

why do we want diabetic patients to eat the same amount at the same time each day

Answer 24

so we dont have big swings in glucose/ insulin

Question 25

List possible complications to insulin treatment

Answer 25

hypoglycaemia
- hunger, food seeking, altered judgement, ataxia, weakness, collapse, convulsions