Surgery in older people

Question 1

What makes a patient high risk for surgery?

Answer 1

Question 2

How much does o2 consumption increase to post operatively?

Answer 2

Question 3

Reduced cardiac and vascular compliance and autonomic dystrophy complicates what?

Answer 3

Fluid management

Question 4

Altered thermoregulation increases the risk of what?

Answer 4

Perioperative hypothermia

Question 5

Chest wall rigidity and changed to lung function reduces what?

Answer 5

Reduces pulmonary reserves and predispose to pneumonia

Question 6

Altered kidney and hepatic function lead to disorders of what?

Answer 6

Electrolytes and alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs

Question 7

What are the main predictors of surgical outcomes?

Answer 7

Question 8

Physiological reserve/functional capacity is closely linked to what?

Answer 8

Frailty and sarcopenia

Question 9

What is sarcopenia?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the five criteria for frailty?

Answer 10

Question 11

Pre-existing dementia can increase risk of what?

Answer 11

Delirium

Question 12

DM and renal disease are associated with a raised risk for what complications?

Answer 12

Cardiac

Question 13

Vascular disease predicts likelihood of what after surgery?

Answer 13

MI or stroke

Question 14

COPD, smoking, asthma and obesity increase the change of what complications?

Answer 14

Respiratory

Question 15

What is malnutrition associated with?

Answer 15

Poor outcomes and poor wound healing

Question 16

Poor aerobic conditioning is associated with increased what?

Answer 16

Cardiac risk

Question 17

Sarcopenia affects what recovery?

Answer 17

Functional

Question 18

What surgerys are high risk?

Answer 18

Question 19

What surgeries are intermediate risk?

Answer 19

Question 20

What surgeries are low risk?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is ERAS?

Answer 21

Enhanced recovery after surgery

Question 22

What is the DREAM acronym for post surgery?

Answer 22

Question 23

How do you reduce surgical stress?

Answer 23

Question 24

Why does laparoscopic surgery place stress on the respiratory system?

Answer 24

Question 25

Do patients have oliguria post surgery?

Answer 25

Question 26

what is the BRAN tool?

Answer 26

Question 27

What is silver trauma?

Answer 27

Question 28

What is the injury severity score?

Answer 28

Question 29

Injury severity score of more than 15 = what?

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

What is the commonest injury seen in silver trauma?

Answer 31

TBI - Traumatic brain injury

Question 32

What is the most common mechanism of injury for a silver trauma?

Answer 32

Fall <2m e.g. fall from standing

Question 33

Do older patients present with the same GCS as a younger person with the same problem?

Answer 33

No, can be higher

Question 34

Why do elderly patients present with higher GCS than younger?

Answer 34

Question 35

Why are older patients more likely to have TBIs?

Answer 35

Question 36

What is hypotension in silver trauma?

Answer 36

Question 37

Are chest wall injuries e/g/ rib fracture always seen on chest xray?

Answer 37

Question 38

What are the complications of rib injuries in older patients?

Answer 38

Question 39

Which ribs make the greatest physiological significance?

Answer 39

Question 40

Silver traumas signs for mechanism of injury?

Answer 40

Question 41

silver trauma signs for physiology/anatomy?

Answer 41