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year 3 elderly med > Incontinence and constipation > Flashcards

Incontinence and constipation Flashcards

1
Q

Describe micturition process

A
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2
Q

What systems are involved in micturition?

A
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3
Q

What provides voluntary control of micturition?

A

Frontal cortex

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4
Q

What co-ordinates detrusor contraction with urethral relaxation?

A

Pontine micturition centre

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5
Q

The parasympathetic system mediates what?

A

Bladder contraction

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6
Q

The sympathetic system mediates what>

A

Bladder filling

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7
Q

What causes contraction of external urethral sphincter allowing voluntary control>

A

Excitation of pudendal nerves

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8
Q

Where is the pontine micturition centre located?

A

Midbrain

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9
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A
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10
Q

What is outflow obstruction?

A
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11
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A
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12
Q

What is overflow incontinence?

A
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13
Q

Deficiency of what hormone can cause incontinence?

A

Oestrogen

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14
Q

What medications can cause incontinence?

A
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15
Q

What are the red flags of incontinence?

A
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16
Q

What symptoms suggest voiding problems?

A
17
Q

What symptoms suggest storage problems?

A
18
Q

What is the pelvic floor muscle strength assessment?

A
19
Q

What neurological examination parts should you focus on?

A
20
Q

Which nerves innervate smooth muscle of the bladder neck and proximal urethra allowing bladder filling?

A

Sympathetic nerves from T11 to L2

21
Q

Which nerves allow detrusor contraction?

A

Parasympathetic fibres origination from sacral plexus (S2 to S4)

22
Q

What is uroflowmetry?

A
23
Q

What is a USS cystodynamogram?

A
24
Q

What is cystometry?

A
25
Q

What is ambulatory urodynamics?

A
26
Q

If there are no detrusor contractions at low volumes on cystometry, what type of incontinence does this suggest?

A

Urge incontinence

27
Q

If there is no voiding on increase in abdominal pressure e.g. coughing on cystometry, what type of incontinence does this suggest?

A

Stress incontinence

28
Q

What surgical options are there for stress incontinence?

A
29
Q

What medical options are there for stress incontinence?

A
30
Q

What is a colposuspension?

A
31
Q

What is a sling insertion?

A
32
Q

Which medications can be given for urge incontinence?

A
33
Q

What surgical options are there for urge incontinence?

A
34
Q

How can antimuscarinics affect urination?

A

Can cause urinary retention

35
Q

What are the medication options for BPH?

A
36
Q

What are the surgical options for BPH?

A
37
Q

What do you look for in blood tests with constipation?

A
38
Q

What laxatives should you offer for opioid induced constipation?

A

year 3 elderly med (20 decks)

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