Orthogeriatrics

Question 1

What are the common sites of fragility fractures?

Answer 1

Question 2

What do osteoblasts and osteoclasts do?

Answer 2

Question 3

Where is bone remodelling most active?

Answer 3

Trabecular bone (Proximal femur/spine)

Question 4

Which cell membrane protein over production is associated with osteoporosis?

Answer 4

RANKL

Question 5

What causes bone loss?

Answer 5

Question 6

How do glucocorticoids change to affect bone loss?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 7

Question 8

What are the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 8

Question 9

What inflammatory diseases increase the risk of OP?

Answer 9

Question 10

What maladaptive diseases increase the risk of OP?

Answer 10

Question 11

What endocrine diseases increase the risk of OP?

Answer 11

Question 12

What conditions increase the risk of OP?

Answer 12

Question 13

What drugs increase the risk of OP?

Answer 13

Question 14

What is a T score on a DEXA scan and what is normal?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is a Z score on a DEXA scan?

Answer 15

Question 16

What non-osteoporotic causes of fragility fractures should be excluded?

Answer 16

Question 17

What life style advice is given for OP?

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the 1st line treatment for OP?

Answer 18

Question 19

Alternative to Alendronate?

Answer 19

Question 20

Once monthly medication for OP?

Answer 20

Question 21

Once yearly treatment for OP?

Answer 21

Question 22

What is denosumab?

Answer 22

Question 23

What’s Raloxifene?

Answer 23

Question 24

What recombinant PTH drug is used in severe OP for those who have failed biphosphonates?

Answer 24

Teriparatide

Question 25

What is romosozumab?

Answer 25

Sclerostin recombinant antibody
Inhibits sclerostin, removes osteoblast inhibition