Surgery - Fluids

Question 1

what is the most concentrated ion intracellularly

Answer 1

K+

Question 2

what is the most concentrated ion extracellularly

Answer 2

Na+

Question 3

5Rs of fluids

Answer 3

Resuscitation
Routine maintanence
Replace deficit
Redistribution correction
Reassess

Question 4

Hyponatraemia is caused by..

a.too little sodium
b.too much sodium
c.too much water
d.too little water

Answer 4

c.too much water

too much water in blood means water moves into brain

Question 5

tonicity

Answer 5

measure of osmotic pressure gradient across semi permeable membrane

Question 6

osmolarity

Answer 6

content of solute in solution

Question 7

hypotonic solution is used….

Answer 7

ONLY IN EXTREMES

Question 8

Causes of isovolaemic SIADH

Answer 8

SIADH
increased ADH , retain H2O
fluid restriction
1l/ day

Question 9

what is the treatment for isovolaemic hyponatraemia (caused by SIADH)

a.fluid restriction
b. isotonic saline
c. treat underlying cause

Answer 9

a.fluid restriction

1L/ day

Question 10

what is the cause of hypovolaemic hyponatraemia

a.SIADH
b.diuretics
c.heart failure

Answer 10

b.diuretics

lose Na and H2O
give isotonic saline

Question 11

what is the treatment for hypovolaemic hyponatraemia (caused by diuretics)

a.fluid restriction
b. isotonic saline
c. treat underlying cause

Answer 11

b. isotonic saline

Question 12

what is the cause of hypervolaemic hyponatraemia

a.SIADH
b.diuretics
c.heart failure

Answer 12

c.heart failure

Question 13

if a patient has cold peripheries, tachycardia and red news score what should be given

a.isotonic saline
b.fluid resucitation 1L/day
c.fluid bolus 500ml saline/15 mins until 2L
d.30 ml/kg a day of water

Answer 13

c.fluid bolus 500ml saline/15 mins until 2L

after ABCDE approach

reassess after 2L given (1hr)

Question 14

if a patient is thirsty has dry conjunctiva and concentrated urine and can drink how should fluids be given

a.oral
b.NG
c.IV

Answer 14

a.oral

Question 15

what is the maintanence volume of water for IV prescription

Answer 15

30ml/kg/day

Question 16

for prescribing routine fluids to children what should it be done based on

a.height
b.age
c.weight

Answer 16

c.weight

Question 17

how much sodium should be given per day

Answer 17

1-2 mmol/kg/day

Question 18

how much potassium should be given per day

Answer 18

1 mmol/kg/day

Question 19

mild thirst is seen in which deficit level of fluid

Answer 19

mild 1-2 L

Question 20

patient thirsty, mild tachycardia and decreased urine output how much fluid likely lost

a.1-2l
b.2-4l
c.4-6l
d.>6l

Answer 20

b.2-4l

Question 21

patient has dry mucous membranes , pulse >100 , decreased BP and cold peripheries how much fluid likely lost

a.1-2l
b.2-4l
c.4-6l
d.>6l

Answer 21

c.4-6l

Question 22

patient has sunken eyes and v tachycardic how much fluid likely lost

a.1-2l
b.2-4l
c.4-6l
d.>6l

Answer 22

d.>6l