Haematology - Anaemia and the Leukaemias Flashcards
anaemia
decreased o2 delivery to metabolising tissues
leads to tiredness, sob and palpitations etc
Normal Hb levels 130g/l male, 120g/l female
which of these are the primary red cell indices
a.Hb, HCt, RBC
b.MCV,MCH.MCHC
a.Hb, HCt, RBC
which of these are the secondary red cell indices
a.Hb, HCt, RBC
b.MCV,MCH.MCHC
b.MCV,MCH.MCHC
what type of anaemia does thalassaemia cause
a.microcytic hypochromic
b.macrocytic
c.normocytic, normochromic
d.microcytic, normochromic
a.microcytic hypochromic
what type of anaemia does early iron deficiency cause
a.microcytic hypochromic
b.macrocytic
c.normocytic, normochromic
d.microcytic, normochromic
c.normocytic, normochromic
what type of anaemia does acute/subacute bleeding cause
a.microcytic hypochromic
b.macrocytic
c.normocytic, normochromic
d.microcytic, normochromic
c.normocytic, normochromic
what type of anaemia does renal failure cause
a.microcytic hypochromic
b.macrocytic
c.normocytic, normochromic
d.microcytic, normochromic
c.normocytic, normochromic
what type of anaemia does anaemia of chronic disease cause
a.microcytic hypochromic
b.macrocytic
c.normocytic, normochromic
d.microcytic, normochromic
c.normocytic, normochromic
what type of anaemia does lead poisoning cause
a.microcytic hypochromic
b.macrocytic
c.normocytic, normochromic
d.microcytic, normochromic
c.normocytic, normochromic
what type of anaemia do primary bone marrow disorders and leukaemias cause
a.microcytic hypochromic
b.macrocytic
c.normocytic, normochromic
d.microcytic, normochromic
c.normocytic, normochromic
what type of anaemia do b12 and folate deficiency cause
a.microcytic hypochromic
b.macrocytic
c.normocytic, normochromic
d.microcytic, normochromic
b.macrocytic
what type of anaemia does alcohol deficiency cause
a.microcytic hypochromic
b.macrocytic
c.normocytic, normochromic
d.microcytic, normochromic
b.macrocytic
what type of anaemia does red cell aplasia cause
a.microcytic hypochromic
b.macrocytic
c.normocytic, normochromic
d.microcytic, normochromic
c.normocytic, normochromic
with reduced reticulocytes
2 main causes of anaemia
REDUCED RBC PRODUCTION
I) DEFICIENCY
B12,folate,Fe deficiency
decreased erythropoietin 2 to ckd
II) BONE MARROW SURPRESSION
drug induced
infiltrate (malignancy)
thalassameia
aplasia
INCREASED RBC DESTRUCTION
I)BLOOD LOSS
II)REDUCED RBC SURVIVAL
haemolytic anaemias (increase LDH, decreased haptoglobin) eg….
autoimmune
hereditary spherocytosis
G6PD deficiency
sickle cell disease
unstable haemoglobin
hypersplenism (increased reticulocytes)
symptoms of haematological malignancy
non specific
tiredness
weight loss
recent night sweats and bone pain
bleeding and bruising
petechiae
lymph node swelling
petechiae are ..
a.blanching
b.non blanching
b.non blanching
trauma to vessel - leakage of blood into skin from vessels , cannot go back in so doesn’t blanch
appear around weight bearing parts eg ankles
appear under areas of tight clothing