Histopatholgy - Upper GI Flashcards
which cells are abnormal in lymphoma
a.lymphoid
b.myeloid
c.signet ring cells
d.squamous cells
a.lymphoid
signet ring cells are seen more in ..
a.gastric cancer
b.osophageal cancer
a.gastric cancer
but are present in both
many osophageal cancers are ..
a.columnar
b.cuboidal
c.lymphoid
d.squamous
d.squamous
adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
what are the 2 types of gastric cancer when classifying histologically (both adenocarcinomas)
intestinal and diffuse
intestinal
-glandular structures formed from tumour cells
-forms a tumour
diffuse
-single individual cells with nuclei displaced to the side of the cell
-leads to linitis plastica (rigid stomach but no tumour type lesion)
what replaces the normal squamous epithelium in barrets osophagus
a.dysplastic columnar mucosa
b.hyperplastic squamous mucosa
c.neoplastic columnar mucosa
d.metaplastic columnar mucosa
d.metaplastic columnar mucosa
dysplasia
uncontrolled cell division
hyperplasia
increased cell production in normal tissue
neoplasia
uncontrolled abnormal growth of cells in the body forming a tissue
metaplasia
replacement of one differentiated cell with a different differentiated cell type
patient with indigestion and intermittent abdo pain for 2 months. urease test is +ve. bloods show increased neutrophils, plasma cells and lymphocytes . gram stain shows spiral shaped bacteria
what is the most likely diagnosis
a.H pylori infection
b, C diff infection
c.cytomegalovirus
d.herpes simplex virus
a.H pylori infection
immunostain brown = +ve
not c diff as this effects large intestine causing diarrhoea and is more common in those with prev antibiotic use
not cmv normally only effects immunocompromised eg after transplants
not giardia - heart shaped protozoa found in the duodenum
not HSV - normally effects the osophagus , would show as viral inclusions and multinucleation
seen in the elderly/immunocompromised
patient with tiredness coeliac autoantibodies +ve an endoscopy shows scalloped folds in the duodenum
biopsies are taken what would they show histologically ?
a.villous atrophy
b.granulomas
c.signet ring cells
d.ulcer slough
a.villous atrophy
antibodies kill epitheial cells of villi causing them to atrophy
coeliac so next investigation should be anti transglutaminase >300
igA +ve
a granuloma is a cluster of what cell type
macrophage
in coeliac the patient will be ig… +ve
a.igA
b.igG
c.igE
d.igV
a.igA
An anti transglutaminase of over what value is considered significant for diagnosis of coeliac
a.100
b.200
c.300
d.400
c.300
