Surgery Flashcards
1
Q
Type of burn that heals in 5-21 days
A
Second degree superficial burn
2
Q
Second degree deep dermal burn heals in
A
3 weeks
3
Q
Third degree burn heals in
A
Non-healing
4
Q
Most common skin malignancy worldwide
A
Basal Cell Carcinoma
5
Q
Premalignant lesions of SCC of the skin
A
Bowen’s disease
Actinic keratosis
6
Q
Borchardt triad (chest pain, retching and inability to pass NGT) is indicative of
A
incarcerated intrathoracic stomach
7
Q
Most effectivd nonsurgical tx of achalasia
A
Pneumatic dilatation
8
Q
most common primary esophageal motility disorder
A
nutcracker esophagus
9
Q
most common esophageal diverticula
A
Zenker
10
Q
gold standard for GERD
A
24h ambulatory pH monitoring
11
Q
gold standard for achalasia
A
manometry
12
Q
gold standard for gastric CA
A
upper endoscopy + biopsy
13
Q
Nerves in the spermatic cord
A
Autonomic nerves
Genital branch of genitofemoral
Ilioinguinal
14
Q
Arteries and veins in the spermatic cord
A
Testicular
Vas deferens
Cremasteric
(TVC)
15
Q
Tx of high grade dysplasia of esophagus
A
esophagectomy
16
Q
Contraindications for curative surgery in esophageal CA
A
>75 yo >20% weight loss Horner syndrome paralysis of diaphragm malignant pleural eff >9cm length >4 LN involved
17
Q
maneuver that mobilizes the fixed portions of the duodenum
A
Kocher maneuver
18
Q
Nerve at the posterior fundus responsible for ulcer recurrence
A
Criminal nerve of Grassi (from R vagus)
19
Q
Most common site of gastric ulcer and gastric adenoCA
A
Incisura angularis
20
Q
Standard test to confirm eradication of H. pylori post-treatment
A
Urease breath test
21
Q
Most common type of PUD (not associated with increased acid secretion)
A
Type I
22
Q
Types of PUD associated with increased acid secretion
A
Type II and III
23
Q
Minimum amount of blood for a positive FOBT
A
20 mL
24
Q
Minimum amount of blood for the symptom of melena
A
50 mL
25
Surgery is indicated for PUD when the location of the ulcer is at the
posterior duodenal bulb
| gastric lesser curvature
26
Truncal vagotomy is always followed by
Gastric drainage
27
In high selective vagotomy, which GI function is spared?
Motor function to stomach
| decreased chance of gastric atony
28
Nonsurgical mngt for early dumping syndrome
Octreotide (splanchnic vasoconstrictor)
29
Nonsurgical management of late dumping syndrome
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
30
Surgical mngt of dumping syndrome
Roux en Y anastomosis
31
Diagnostic test to localize gastrinoma
Octreotide scan
32
Common location of gastrinoma
Passaro’s triangle
| Head of pancreas or duodenum
33
Most common risk factors for gastric adenoCA
H pylori
| Autoimmune gastritis
34
Acillary lymphadenopathy in gastric adenoca
Irish node
35
dropmets to ovary in gastric adenoca
krukenberg tumor
36
dropmets to culdesac in gastric adenoca
blumer shelf
37
gastric lymphoma is associated with which malignancy
B-cell NHL
38
Mngt of lowgrade gastric lymphoma
H pylori eradication
39
Mngt of high grade gastric lymphoma
chemoradiation
40
Malignancy arising from interstitial cells of Cajal
GIST
41
Tx for unresectable GIST
Imatinib
| tyrosine kinase inhibitor
42
Type of malignancy arising from gastric ECL cells
Gastric carcinoid
44
gastric lesion characterized by diffuse hyperplasia of surface mucus-secreting cells & decreased parietal cells
assoc with protein-losing enteropathy & hypochlorhydria
Menetrier disease
| hypertrophic gastropathy
45
congenital AVM in stomach
| usually with large tortuous submucosal artery
Dieulafoy lesion
46
Maneuver done to decrease blood supply to the liver
Pringle maneuver
47
First line treatment for primary SBP
Cefotaxime
48
Parameters for child-turcotte-pugh scoring (surgical risks / mortality)
```
Nutritional status
Ascites
Encephalopathy
Serum albumin
Serum bilirubin
PT or INR
```
49
pressure necessary for esophageal barices to form and bleed
>12 mmHg
50
Pharmacologic therapy for acute variceal bleed
Octreotide
| Vasopressin
51
Medication given to prevent variceal bleeding and reduce mortality by 50%
Beta blockers
52
Most consistent symptom of carcinoid
flushing
53
targeted treatment for HER2-positive breast CA
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
54
Most differentiated variant of breast CA with the best prognosis
Tubular CA
55
Breast CA with a high propensity for bilaterality, multicentricity, multifocality
Lobular CA
56
Breast CA that carries the worst prognosis
Inflammatory CA
57
Most common form of liver abscess worldwide
Amebic liver abscess
58
clearest risk factor for devt of adenoma
OCP use
59
percutaneous UTZ-guided biopsy is absolutely contraindicated in which 2 conditions of liver
hemangioma and adenoma
60
most common malignant liver tumor
metastatic
61
extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma occuring at the hepatic duct confluence
Klatskin tumor
62
most common congenital anomaly of pancreas
pancreas divisum
63
most common peripheral arterial aneurysm
popliteal artery aneurysm
64
LMWH should be given in DVT patients for how long
3 months
65
consistently used as a marker of injury response due to its dynamic reflection of inflammation
CRP
66
potent inducer of acute phase proteins
IL-6
67
Surgical tx of malrotation
Ladd’s procedure
68
Most abundant amino acid in the body
Glutamine
69
characterized by chronic eczematoid eruption of the nipple
Paget’s disease
70
Paget’s disease presents with elevated level of
CEA
71
burst fracture of atlas
Jefferson fracture
72
fracture of pars interarticularis of axis
Hangman fracture
73
stress fracture of 2nd metatarsal
March fracture
74
fracture with dislocation of tarsometatarsal joint
Lisfranc fracture dislocation
75
fracture of the base of 5th metatarsal bone
Jones’ fracture
76
hip condition with shallow acetabulum resulting in lateral displacement of femoral head
developmental dysplasia of the hip
77
pediatric conditions presenting with bilious vomiting and minimal distention
Malrotation
| Duodenal atresia
78
anatomical structures preserved in modified radical neck dissection
SCM
spinal accessory nerve
IJV
79
Mngt of developmental hip dysplasia in a 2-year old
Femoral osteotomy
| 15 mos to 2 yrs
80
pediatric orthopedic condition presenting with positive trethowan’s sign
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
81
EBV is associated with what type of epithelial cancer (2)
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
| Gastric carcinoma
82
when does epithelialization begin in a superficial cutaneous wound?
within 24 hours
83
fracture of distal third of humerus entrapping the radial nerve
Holstein-Lewis fracture
84
fracture of the radial styloid
Hutchinson’s / Chauffeur’s fracture
85
Mammographic features suggestive of a diagnosis of breast CA
- solid mass with or without stellate features
- asymmetric thickening of breast tissue
- clustered microcalcifications
86
annual mammogram screening should be started at
age 40
87
neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer is started at what stage
stage IIIa
88
Munro microabscesses (neutrophils in stratum corneum) are seen in
Psoriasis
89
strongest chemotactic factor for fibroblasts
PDGF
90
Boas’ sign
referred right subscapular pain of biliary colic
91
What stage of breast CA? Tx?
T2N1M0
T3N0M0
Stage IIB
| BCS +/- adjuvant chemo/RT
92
ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow and wrist is called ______ and _______ syndrome respectively
Cubital tunnel syndrome
| Tunnel of Guyon syndrome
93
Hallmarks of hemolytic transfusion reaction in anesthetized patients
Diffuse bleeding and hypotension
94
Syndrome characterized by dilatation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction in severely ill patients
Ogilvie syndrome
95
bird’s beak sign (2)
achalasia
| sigmoid volvulus
96
Felty’s syndrome (3)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Splenomegaly
Neutropenia
97
bird’s beak sign (2)
achalasia
| sigmoid volvulus
98
bird’s beak sign (2)
achalasia
| sigmoid volvulus
99
bird’s beak sign (2)
achalasia
| sigmoid volvulus
100
most common type of volvulus
sigmoid volvulus
101
most commonly dislocated joint
```
glenohumeral joint
(anterior > posterior)
```
102
most common type of pediatric fracture
Salter-Harris Type II
| epiphysis + metaphysis
103
isolated closed fracture of the radial shaft
Piedmont fracture
104
most common site of non union
distal tibia
105
causative agent of hydatid cyst
echinococcus granulosus
106
most common functional pancreatic endocrine neoplasm
insulinoma
107
tx of primary SBP
cefotaxime (3rd gen ceph)
108
most vulnerable segment of colon to obstruction
sigmoid
| volvulus, divertic
109
most vulnerable segment of colon to perforation
cecum
110
most vulnerable segment of colon to ischemia
splenic flexure
111
coffee bean sign / bent inner tube sign on radiography is seen in
Sigmoid volvulus
112
antidote for beta blocker toxicity
glucagon
113
most common malignancy that metastasize to the thyroid
renal cell CA
114
treatment of MTC and hurthle cell CA
total / near total thyroidectomy + bilateral central node dissection
115
FNAB findibg of anaplastic CA of the thyroid
giant multinucleated cells
116
most common variant of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
posterolateral (Bochdalek)
117
selective node dissection for thyroid gland malignancies
posterolateral node dissection
118
tx of inflammatory carcinoma of the breast
neoadjuvant chemotherapy (adriamycin containing)
119
routine screening mammography for women
> 50 y/o (Schwartz)
| > 40 y/o (recent guidelines)
120
indications for bariatric surgery
BMI >35 with comorbids
| >40 without comorbids
121
most common cause of cataract
aging
122
sx of acute angle closure glaucoma (3)
mid dilated pupil
ciliary injection
hazy cornea
(+ eye pain)
123
ophthalmologic diagnostic procedure that can visualize the anterior chamber angle
gonioscopy
124
events that promote the greatest severity of nitrogen wasting
major burns
severe sepsis
skeletal trauma
elective surgery
125
GI secretion with the highest potassium content
colon
126
most common source of fluid loss in a surgical patient
gastrointestinal
127
IV solution that most commonly approximates ECF
LRS
128
indications for damage control surgery (lethal triad / bloody vicious cycle)
hypothermia
metab acidosis
coagulopathy
129
Screening mammography
25 y/o (BRCA gene)
40 y/o (American Cancer Society)
50 y/o (Schwartz)
130
Tx of toxic MNG / Plummer Disease
Surgery
131
Modt common type of scoliosis
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
132
Structure involved in Golfer’s elbow? Tennis elbow?
Golfer’s - pronator teres
| Tennis - extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon
133
most common site of hypertensive ICH
putamen
134
Most common primary brain tumor
astrocytoma
135
Most common levels of cervical disc syndrome
C5-6, C6-7
136
Paraneoplastic syndromes of bronchogenic CA
SCLC - hyperCalcemia
Adenoca - pAncoast tumor
Squamous - Svc syndrome
SIADH, Cushings, Lambert Eaton
137
Neuromuscular paraneoplastic syndrome similar to myasthenia
Laambert Eaton Syndrome
138
Tx of SCLC / Oat cell CA
Chemoradiation
139
Preop pulmo function for lobectomy?
| pneumonectomy?
FEV 1 > 1.5 L
| > 2 L
140
Most common type of VSD needing surgical intervention
Perimembranous (80%)
141
Most common type of VSD
Muscular
142
shunt between subclavian artery and pulmonary artery
Blalock - Taussig shunt
143
Shunt between SVC and R pulmonary artery
Glenn shunt
144
most common brain herniation syndrome
subfalcine / cingulate
145
most dramatic and 2nd most common brain herniation syndrome
uncal transtentorial herniation
146
most common incomplete SCI
central cord syndrome
147
incomplete SCI with the worst prognosis
anterior spinal artery syndrome
148
neurogenic claudication is pathognomonic of
lumbar spinal canal stenosis
149
conditions assoc w/ cleft lip and palate
maternal DM
rubella
toxoplasmosis
150
drugs assoc with cleft lip and palate
steroids
anticonvulsants
diazepam
