Biochem Flashcards
All amino acids undergo transamination except
Lysine
Hydroxyproline
Proline
Threonine
Coenzyme for transaminases
B6
Coenzyme for transketolases
2nd phase of PPP
B1
Substrates of urea cycle
CO2
Aspartate
NH3
Rate-limiting step of urea cycle
CPS 1
Reactions occuring both in the mitochondria and cytosol
Heme synthesis
Urea cycle
Gluconeogenesis
How many moles of ATP are needed in the synthesis of urea?
3 moles of ATP
4 high-energy bonds
Most common enzyme defect in urea cycle
Ornithine transcarbomylase deficiency
Most severe enzymatic defect in urea cycle
CPS I deficiency
phenylketonuria results from deficiency of what enzyme/coenzyme
phenylalanine hydroxylase
tetrahydrobiopterin
coenzyme for branched chain AA dehydrogenase
B1
coenzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
B1
enzymes of urea cycle
mitochondria:
CPS I
ornithine transcarbomylase
cytoplasm:
arginosuccinate synthetase
arginosuccinate lyase
arginase
where does HMP shunt occurs
in the cytosol
RBCs and tissues that produce lipids (liver, adipose, adrenals, thyroid, testes, lactating mammaries)
key enzyme of the 1st phase of HMP shunt
G6PD
which phase of the HMP shunt yields 2 NADPH
Phase 1
which phase of the HMP shunt is oxidative and irreversible
first phase
condition characterized by kinky hair and growth retardation due to deficiency of copper required by lysyl oxidase
Menkes disease
thymidilate synthase is inhibited by which drug
5-FU
dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase are inhibited by which drug/s
TMP-SMX
IMP dehydrogenase is inhibited by which drug
Mycophenolate
RNA primer of the leading strand is synthesized by
RNA polymerase
RNA primer of the lagging strand is synthesized by
RNA primase
amino acid necessary for the binding of O2 to heme
histidine
CO2 is principally transported in the blood as
bicarbonate
most abundant protein in the body
collagen
what promotes hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen
Vitamin C
coenzyme that is inactivated when bound to arsenic
lipoic acid
major anaplerotic reaction that replenishes oxaloacetate
pyruvate carboxylase
rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis
PFK-1
pancreatic enzymes for protein digestion
pancreTECC: Trypsin Elastase Chymotrypsin Carboxypeptidase
what amino acid becomes essential in methionine deficiency
cysteine
amino acid that links urea cycle to citric acid cycle
fumarate
positive allosteric effector of CPS I
N-acetylglutamate
amino acids that are converted to pyruvate
GlAyColySis Glycine Alanine Cysteine Serine
thyroxine and melanin are precursors of
tyrosine
tryptophan is the precursor of (3)
niacin
serotonin
melatonin
(3) precursors of creatinine
SAM (methionine)
Glycine
Arginine
Glutathione is synthesized from (3)
Glutamate
Cysteine
Glycine
Coenzyme of acetylcoa carboxylase (lipogenesis)
biotin
key enzyme in glyceroneogenesis
PEP carboxykinase
net ATP yield in beta oxidation of palmitic acid
106 (new harper)
129 (old harper)
rate-limiting step of ketogenesis
HMG CoA synthase
rate-limiting step of bile acid synthesis
7a hydroxylation
Lipids that are absolutely essential in the diet
Linoleic acid
Arachidonic acid
source of atoms common to both purine and pyrimidine rings
aspartate
