Surgery Flashcards
What are the names of the bones in the wrist?
‘’Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle’’
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate
What is the classic presentation of carpel tunnel?
Tingling in the thumb, index, and middle finger (affects median nerve)
What is the most common type of femoral fracture?
Of the femoral neck
What are the complications of fat embolisation?
Will cause blockages
What are fat emboli caused by?
Trauma causing long bone and pelvic fractures
What is a greenstick fracture?
When the bone bends and cracks on one side, not breaking completely into separate pieces
What is the presentation of an Achilles tendon rupture?
A crack sound
Inability to plantar flex
Partially weight bearing
Normally men 30-50 years
What is the Simmond’s/Thompson’s test for?
Test for rupture of the achilles tendon
- Patient lays on their front and you squeeze their calf to observe plantar flexion. If absent, it indicates rupture
What is an equinus cast?
A non-surgical management of a ruptured achilles tendon
Foot is cast in plantar flexion to allow the ruptured ends to meet again
What are the features of ulnar nerve damage?
Claw hand
Positive Froment’s test
What is froment’s test?
While holding a piece of paper between thumb and index finger there is flexion of the terminal phalanx of the thumb on trying to pull paper away
(Instead of a relaxed grip on the paper, the fingers flex)
What is the difference between oesophageal squamous cell and adenocarcinoma?
Adenocarcinoma: related to reflux
Squamous cell: related to smoking
What are the complications of acute pancreatitis?
- Pseudocyst that can occlude vessels or burst leading to infection
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Necrosis
What is Rigler’s sign?
Indicates free air enclosed in the peritoneal cavity (pneumoperitoneum)
- Both sides of the bowel wall are well-defined
What is coffee bean sign?
Shows a grossly dilated loop of sigmoid secondary to volvulus
Appears as an upturned ‘U’
How does toxic megacolon present?
Affects the transverse colon
Presents as severe distention, bloody diarrhoea, fever, tachycardia, dizziness, nausea and vomiting
Which sections of the bowel are involved in UC compared to Crohn’s?
UC:
- Only affects colon, usually on left side only
Crohn’s:
- Skip lesions
- Affects small bowel usually on right side only
- Rectum is spared
How is acute severe UC managed?
IV hydrocortisone and LMW heparin especially if there is haemorrhage
What is the management of acute cholecystitis?
IV antibiotics then laparoscopic cholecystectomy 1 weeks later
If intreated, there is risk of chronic disease and recurrent infection that would impact QOL and morbidity
What are the 6 P’s for acute limb ischaemia?
Pain
Pulseless
Paralysis
Paraesthesia
Pallor
Perishingly cold
What is a ABPI?
Ankle–brachial pressure index
Calculates the ratio of systolic blood pressure at their ankle to the systolic pressure in the arm
