surgery Flashcards
perforated bowel surgery
end colostomy (if sigmoid this is called hartmanns) - due to risk of anastomosis
most common type of breast ca
invasive ductal ca
reasons for 2 week wait breast cancer referral
> 30 unexplained lump
50 nipple change
benign prostatic hyperplasia Mx
1st - alpha 1 antagonist (tamsulosin)
2nd - 5 alpha reductase inhibitor (finasteride)
ascending cholangitis Fx
charcot triad
fever, jaundice, RUQ pain
renal stone Mx
<2cm
>2cm
staghorn calculi
<5mm
<2cm - lithotripsy
>2cm - ureteroscopy
staghorn - percutaneous nephrolithotomy
<5mm - pass spontaneously
prevention of calcium stones
increase fluids
low protein, low salt diet
thiazide diuretics
prevention of oxalate stones
cholestyramine, pryoxidine
prevention urate stones
allopurinol, oral bicarbonate
prostate cancer Ix
multiparametric MRI (gold standard)
congenital hernia Mx
inguinal
umbilical
inguinal - surgery ASAP
umbilical - conservative
Propofol
MOA
side effects
benefits
MOA - potentiates GABAa
SE - hypotension
B - anti emetic
Ketamine
MOA
side effect
benefits
MOA - blocks NMDA
SE - disorientation, hallucination
B - no hypotension, useful in trauma
Thiopental
MOA
side effect
benefits
MOA - potentiate GABAa (barbituate)
SE - laryngospasm
Etomidate
MOA
side effect
benefits
MOA - potentiate GABAa
SE - primary adrenal supression, myoclonus
B - less hypotension
