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MSRA > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

Goodpasture’s syndrome Fx

A

pulmonary haemorrhage (haemoptysis)
glomerulonephritis (haematuria)
anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies

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2
Q

Increased Specific gravity on urine dip (concentrated urine)

A

dehydration
glycosuria
proteinuria
renal artery stenosis
SIADH
CCF (reduced blood flow to kidneys)

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3
Q

Decreased specific gravity on urine dip (dilute urine)

A

excessive fluid intake
renal failure
pyelonephritis
diabetes insipidus

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4
Q

Interstitial cystitis (bladder pain syndrome)

A

diagnosis of exclusion
prolonged duration
pelvic pain
urinary symptoms

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5
Q

MX UTI in women (uncomplicated)

A

1st - Nitrofurantoin/ Trimethoprim
2nd - Nitrofurantoin/ Pivmecillanem/ Fosfomycin

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6
Q

Mx UTI in pregnancy

A

1st - Nitrofurantoin (avoid at term due to risk of neonatal haemolysis)
2nd - Amoxicillin/ Cefalexin
avoid trimethorpim

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7
Q

Mx UTI male

A

Nitrofurantoin/ Trimethoprim

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8
Q

UTI Abx duration
3 day
5-10 day
7 day

A

3 day - uncomplicated UTI, haematuria, recurrent UTI
5-10 - abnormal urinary tract, immunosuppression, impaired renal function
7d - pregnant, catheterised, male

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9
Q

Renal cell carcinoma Fx

A

haematuria (often painless)
flank/ loin pain
loin mass
(varicocele)

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10
Q

Male urethral injury (fracture) Ix

A

clinical diagnosis most of the time
retrograde urethrography or MRI

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11
Q

IgA nephropathy Fx

A

visible haematuria 24-48 hrs post URTI

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12
Q

Post streptococcus glomerulonephritis Fx

A

visible haematuria 1-3 weeks post UTRI

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13
Q

BPH Mx

A

1st - Tamsulosin (a1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor) - reduce smoother muscle of prostate
2nd - Finasteride (5a reductase inhibitor) - reduce dihydrotestosterone
3rd (minimally invasive) - TUMT (microwave)/ TUNA (needle)
4th (surgical) - TURP

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13
Q

BPH Mx

A

1st - Tamsulosin (a1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor) - reduce smoother muscle of prostate
2nd - Finasteride (5a reductase inhibitor) - reduce dihydrotestosterone
3rd (minimally invasive) - TUMT (microwave)/ TUNA (needle)
4th (surgical) - TURP

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14
Q

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease associations

A

hepatic cysts (most common)
mitral valve prolapse
intracranial berry aneurysm
colonic diverticula
renal cell ca

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15
Q

Amyloidosis Ix

A

bright green fluorescence after Congo red staining on biopsy

16
Q

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus causes

A

hypoKal
hyperCal
CKD
Lithium

17
Q

Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus Mx

A

1 - correct exacerbating factors
2 - adequate oral fluids
3 - desmopressin (DDAVP)/ thiazide/ NSAID/ Na restriction

18
Q

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome Fx

A

AKI
haemolytic anaemia
thrombocytopenia

MSRA (17 decks)

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