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MSRA > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis
Features (3)

A

feeding intolerance, abdominal distension and bloody stools
More common in prem babies

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2
Q

Acute epiglottitis cause

A

Haemophillus influenzae B

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3
Q

Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
CXR
Mx

A

CXR: hyperinflation, fluid in horizontal fissure
Mx: supportive

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4
Q

Loss of red light reflex ?cause

A

retinoblastoma

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5
Q

Roseola infantum F

A

fever first then a rash

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6
Q

whooping cough (pertusis) Mx

A

azithromycin

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7
Q

shaken baby syndrome (3)

A

encephalopathy
subdural haematoma (on ct)
retinal haemorrhages

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8
Q

Down’s most common cardiac abnormality

A

arterioventricular septal defect

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9
Q

cerebral palsy suspicious milestones requiring urgent referral

A

Not sitting by 8 month
Not walking by 18 month
Hand preference <1 yr
Persistent toe-walking

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10
Q

scarlet fever cause

A

group A haemolytic strep (pyogenes)

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11
Q

scarlet fever Fx

A

fever 24-48hrs
sore throat
strawberry tongue
rash (pinhead erythema) torso spares hands/ feet
malaise, headache
otitis media (most common complixcation)

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12
Q

scarlet fever Mx

A

oral pen V (azithromycin if pen allergy)

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13
Q

gastro-oesophageal reflux in children Mx

A

1 - conservative
2 - alginates/ thickened feed
3 - PPI (only if poor feeds, faltering growth)

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14
Q

long term asthma Mx age 5-16

A

1 - SABA
2 - SABA + ICS
3 - SABA + ICS + LABA/ LTRA
4 - SABA + MART (maintenance and reliever therapy)

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15
Q

edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) Fx

A

rocker bottom feet
low set ears

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16
Q

patau syndrome (trisomy 13) Fx

A

microcephalic, small eyes
cleft palate
scalp lesions

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17
Q

Fragile X Fx

A

macrocephaly
macroorchidism
learning difficulty

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18
Q

Noonan Fx

A

short stature
webbed neck
pulmonary stenosis

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19
Q

Croup (parainfluenza viruses) Fx

A

stridor
barking cough (worse at night)
fever
coryza

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20
Q

croup Mx

A

admit if moderate/ severe
PO dexamethasone
if emergency - HFNO, Neb adrenaline

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21
Q

williams syndrome Fx

A

short stature
learning difficulty
friendly, extrovert personality
supravalvular aortic stenosis

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22
Q

chondromalacia patella Fx

A

anterior knee pain walking up and down stairs

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23
Q

osgood schattler (tibial apophysitis)

A

pain, swelling tibial tubercle
sports teens

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24
Q

osteochondritis dissecans

A

knee pain after exercise
intermittent swelling and locking

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25
Q

cyanotic congenital heart disease and when they present (2)

A

Tetralogy of fallot (most common) - 1-2 months
Transposition of great arteries - <24 hours

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26
Q

shaken baby syndrome CT findings (3)

A

retinal haemorrhage
subdural haematoma
encephalopathy

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27
Q

IM Benzylpenicillin doses for Meningococcal septicaemia
< 1 year
1 - 10 years
> 10 years

A

< 1 year 300 mg
1 - 10 years 600 mg
> 10 years 1200 mg

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28
Q

roseola infantum Fx (3) caused by human herpes virus 6

A

6 month - 2 years
fever followed by rash
febrile seizures common

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29
Q

haemophillia A inheritance

A

X-linked recessive
- daughters are carriers to affected parents
- no male to male

30
Q

ADHD Mx

A

1st - lifestyle modification
2nd - methylphenidate

31
Q

slipped capital femoral epiphysis Mx

A

cannulated screw for in situ fixation

32
Q

acute epiglottitis cause

A

haemophilus influenza type B

33
Q

Kawasaki disease Mx

A

aspirin
echo - ?coronary artery aneurysm

34
Q

labial adhesions Mx

A

usually self resolves by puberty
if recurrent UTI - give oestrogen cream

35
Q

meningitis B vaccine dates

A

2, 4, 12 months

36
Q

cow’s milk protein allergy/ intolerance Mx

A

1st - extensive hydrolysed formula
2nd - amino acid based formula

37
Q

hand, foot and mouth disease

A

viral infection (coxsackie A16)
<10 years old
fever, sore throat, mouth ulcers, rash palms/ soles feet/ legs
self resolves

38
Q

benign rolandic epilepsy Fx

A

partial seizures at night (eg facial paraesthesia, facial twitching)
self resolve by adolesence
present between 4- 12 yrs

39
Q

Age < 3months + temp > 38 C Mx

A

refer to paeds emergency

40
Q

reflux nephropathy (vesicoureteic reflux) Ix

A

1st micturating cystography
Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan - useful for renal scarring

41
Q

congenital heart disease
cyanotic vs acyanotic

A

cyanotic - TGA most common at birth, TOF most common overall
acyanotic - VSD most common

42
Q

sit without support milestone

A

7-8 months (refer if unable at 12)

43
Q

precocious puberty definition

A

secondary sexual features before 8 in girls and 9 in boys

44
Q

precocious puberty classifications in females

A

Gonadotrophin dependent (central/ true) - premature activation of hypothalamus. FSH/ LH raised
Gonadotrophin independent (psudo/ fake) - excess sex hormones. FSH/ LH low

45
Q

precocious puberty in males

A

testes evaluation
bilateral enlargement - intracranial lesion (gonadotrophin release)
unilateral enlargement - gonadal (testicular) tumour
small testes - adrenal (tumour/ hyperplasia)

46
Q

Turners syndrome Fx (5)

A

short stature
short fourth metacarpal
primary amenorrhea
poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics
bicuspid aortic valve (crescendo-decrescendo murmur)

47
Q

Rubella Fx

A

rash - pink maculopapular, face spread to body
sensorineural hearing loss
cataracts
congenital heart - patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary artery stenosis

48
Q

Scarlett fever Fx

A

(group A haemolytic strep)
fever, tonsilitis
strawberry tongue
rash - fine punctate, sparing the mouth

49
Q

Erythema infectisoum (slapped cheek/ fifth disease) Fx

A

parvovirus B19
“slapped cheek” rash spread to arms
lethargy, fever, headache

50
Q

Acute asthma Mx in community

A

Bronchodilator (B agonist)
Oral Steroid 3-5 days

51
Q

constipation in children Mx

A

1st - macrogol (movicol)
2nd - senna
3rd - docusate/ lactulose

52
Q

newborn baby head swelling

A

caput succedaneum - crosses suture line
cephalohaematoma - parietal region, does not cross

53
Q

measles complication (1)

A

pneumonia

54
Q

neonatal respiratoru distress syndrome Mx

A

maternal dexamethasone

55
Q

lack of red light reflex cause + Investigation

A

retinoblastoma
urgent ophthalmology

56
Q

Downs syndrome risk

A

1/1000 at 30 years
divide by 3 for every 5 years

57
Q

Downs syndrome cardiac complication

A

atrioventricular septal defect (most common)

58
Q

pertussis vaccine dates (whooping cough)

A

16-32 weeks of pregnancy

59
Q

threadworm Fx

A

asymptomatic in 90% cases
perianal itching (particularly at night)
vulval irritation

60
Q

threadworm Mx

A

Mebendazole stat
hygeine measures for all household

61
Q

umbilical hernia Mx

A

self resolve by 3 yrs old

62
Q

complications of chickenpox (4)

A

disseminated haemorrhagic chickenpox
secondary bacterial infection
encephalitis
pneumonia (mililary)

63
Q

patent ductus arteriosis Mx

A

indomethacin or ibuprofen
prostaglandin is useful to keep the duct open, until surgical repair of another congenital heart defect

64
Q

bow legs (genu varum) <3 yrs Mx

A

self resolve by 4 yrs old

65
Q

age able to crawl

A

9 months

66
Q

live vaccines

A

MMR
BCG
oral polio
yellow fever
oral typhoid

67
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

< 2 yrs old
delayed passage of meconium
constipation and vomiting

68
Q

Nappy rash Mx

A

Commonly Candida colonisation
Topical imidazole (anti fungal)
Topical hydrocortisone (if discomfort)

69
Q

Impetigo Mx

A

Hydrogen peroxide 1% cream
- fusidic acid/ mupiron cream if required

70
Q

Epiglottitis neck xray finding

A

thumbprint

71
Q

duodenal atresia Fx

A

vomiting within hours of life (day 1)
intestinal obstruction
double bubble sign on US

72
Q

impetigo Mx

A

1st - hydrogen peroxide 1% cream
2nd - fusidic acid 2%

MSRA (17 decks)

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