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Surg Tech 102 > Surg 102--Chapters 8 & 9 > Flashcards

Surg 102--Chapters 8 & 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The presence of three or more physical congenital abnormalities is referred to as _____.

A

VACTERL

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2
Q

What does VACTERL stand for?

A
  • Vertebral
  • Anal
  • Cardiac
  • Tracheoesophageal
  • Esophageal
  • Renal
  • Limb defect
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3
Q

Another acronym used to describe multiple congenital defects is _____.

A

CHARGE

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4
Q

What does CHARGE stand for?

A
  • Coloboma (split iris)
  • Hearing
  • Atresia
  • Retardation
  • Genitourinary
  • Esophageal
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5
Q

Occur in infants and children but with minimal frequency when compared with occurrence rates for adults.

A

malignant tumors

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6
Q

What is the leading cause of death in children?

A

accidental injury (trauma)

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7
Q

Not compatible with life.

A

embryo

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8
Q

In utero after 3 months of gestation.

A

fetus

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9
Q
  • Gestational age more than 24 weeks
  • Birth-weight more than 500g
  • Capable of sustaining life outside uterus
A

potentially viable

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10
Q
  • Gestational age less than 37 weeks

- Birth-weight 2500g or less

A

true preterm

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11
Q
  • Gestational age less than 38 weeks

- Birth-weight more than 2500g

A

large preterm

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12
Q
  • Gestational age 38-40 weeks

- birth-weight greater than 2500g

A

term neonate

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13
Q

-Gestational age extended by more than 8 weeks

A

postterm

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14
Q

-First 28 days of extra-uterine life.

A

neonatal period

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15
Q

-28 days to 18 months

A

infant

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16
Q

-18 - 30 months

A

toddler

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17
Q

-2.5 - 5 years

A

preschool age

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18
Q

-6 - 12 years

A

school age

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19
Q

-13 - 18 years

A

adolescent

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20
Q

When is hypotension apparent in an infant?

A

not until 50% of the circulating volume is lost

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21
Q

Neonate blood volume.

A

75 - 80 mL/kg

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22
Q

6 weeks - 2 years blood volume.

A

75 mL/kg

23
Q

2 years - puberty

A

72 mL/kg

24
Q

During repair of am esophageal atresia, what type of tubes used during gastrostomy?

A

gastrostomy tube (percutaneous endoscopic (PEG) tube)

25
Q

What is the most common cause for an abdominal surgical procedure in children ages 5 to 10?

A

appendectomy

26
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

undescended testicles

27
Q

What procedures can be used to repair cryptorchidism?

A

two-stage Torek operation

28
Q

Also known as club foot, the most common of the talipes deformities.

A

talipes varus

29
Q

Cleft lip “rule of 10s”.

A

10 weeks of age, 10 g of hemoglobin, 10 lbs of body weight.

30
Q

Congenital anomaly characterized by fusion of two or more fingers or toes.

A

syndactly

31
Q

Occurs when the passages between the ventricles are blocked and are dilated by accumulated spinal fluid.

A

hydrocephalus

32
Q

Congenital malformation of the chest wall, characterized by a pronounced funnel-shaped concave depression over the lower end of the sternum beginning at the angle of Lewis and extending to the xyphoid.

A

pectus excavatum

33
Q

An opening in the septum between the right and left atria that allows oxygenated blood to shunt from left to right and return to the lungs.

A

atrial septal defect

34
Q

How is an atrial septal defect closed?

A

sutures or a patch graft

35
Q
  • Usually located in the membranous portion of the septum between the right and left ventricles
  • Most common congenital heart anomaly
  • Alternation between cyanosis and acyanosis
A

ventricular septal defect

36
Q

Combination of four defects:

  • VSD (large)
  • stenosis of pulmonary valve
  • hypertrophy of the right ventricle
  • dextroposition of the aorta to the right
A

tetralogy of Fallot

37
Q

The aorta and pulmonary artery are anatomically switched. Useful in infants with VSD or a large PDA.

A

Jantene procedure (atrial switch)

38
Q

A tricuspid valve between the right atrium and ventricle prevents normal blood flow through the chambers of the heart.

A

tricuspid atresia

39
Q

What procedure is used to correct a tricuspid atresia?

A

Fontan procedure

40
Q

A balloon catheter is advanced into the right atrium, through the foramen ovale, and into the left atrium.

A

Rashkind procedure

41
Q

Most common cause of death in the first week of life.

A

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

42
Q

The left ventricle is severely underdeveloped.

A

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

43
Q

Life expectancy has increased with advancements in the study of disease process, prevention and treatment.

A

True

44
Q

A decrease in _____ production can increase the risk of osteoporosis.

A

estrogen

45
Q

A decrease in _____ activity decreases the basal metabolic rate and increases weight gain.

A

thyroid

46
Q

A decrease in the efficiency of _____ production decreases the efficiency of glucose metabolism.

A

insulin

47
Q

A decrease in _____ production may decrease the libido in men.

A

testosterone

48
Q

More than _____ of all geriatric patients have more than one condition capable of causing death.

A

73%

49
Q

Between _____ and _____ of geriatric patients experience depression and an alteration in self-image.

A

10-65%

50
Q

Effects of psychosocial isolation in older adults?

A

multisystem decline

51
Q

A chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the fixation or fusion of a vertebral joint, often cause age-related postures

A

ankylosing spondylosis

52
Q

multiple vaginal births can cause

A

uterine and bladder prolapse

53
Q

Hypothermia, at what temp is elderly at risk?

A

when temp falls below 96.8

54
Q

during anesthesia is induction sometimes prolonged and if so why?

A

COPD such as emphysema

Surg Tech 102 (15 decks)

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