Surg 102--Chapter 15 (B&K)

Question 1

aerosol

Answer 1

Dispersion of fine mist, droplets, or particulate matter into air.

Question 3

antisepsis

Answer 3

Prevention of sepsis by the exclusion, destruction, or inhibition of growth or multiplication of microorganisms from body tissues and fluids.

Question 3

antiseptics

Answer 3

Inorganic chemical compounds that combat epsis by inhibiting the growth of microoganisms without necessarily killing them. They are used on skin and tissue to arrest the growth of endogenous microorganisms (resident flora), and they must not destroy tissue.

Question 4

asepsis

Answer 4

Absence of microorganisms that cause disease, freedom from infection; exclusion of microorganisms. Not the same as sterile.

Question 6

aseptic technique

Answer 6

Methods by which contamination with microorganisms is prevented.

Question 6

barrier

Answer 6

Material used to reduce or inhibit the migration or transmission of microorganisms in the environment. Barriers include attire of personnel, drapes over furniture and patients, packaging of supplies, and filters in ventilating system.

Question 7

carrier

Answer 7

Person who has potentially pathogenic microoganisms on or in his body and disperses them into the environment without becoming ill from the pathogen.

Question 9

contaminated

Answer 9

Soiled or infected by microorganisms.

Question 9

cross-contamination

Answer 9

Transmission or microoganisms from patient to patient and from inanimate objects to patients and vice versa.

Question 10

decontamination

Answer 10

Cleaning and disinfecting or sterilizing processes carried out to make contaminated items safe to handle.

Question 12

disinfection

Answer 12

Chemical or mechanical destruction of most pathogens rendering an object safe to handle.

Question 12

fomite

Answer 12

Inanimate object that may be contaminated with infectious organisms and that serves to transmit disease

Question 13

irreducible minimum

Answer 13

Microbial burden cannot get any lower. Item is sterile to its highest degree.

Question 15

isolation

Answer 15

Special precautions taken to prevent the transmission of microorganisms from specific body areas.

Question 15

pathogenic

Answer 15

Producing or capable of producing disease.

Question 16

pathogenic microorganism

Answer 16

Microorganisms that cause infectious disease. They can invade healthy tissue through some power of their own or can injure tissue by a toxin they produce.

Question 18

sepsis

Answer 18

Severe toxic febrile state resulting from infection with pyogenic microorganisms, with or without associated septicemia.

Question 18

spatial relationships

Answer 18

An awareness of sterile, unsterile, clean, and contaminated areas and their proximity to each other. This includes the height of scrubbed team members in relation to each other and the sterile field. The circulating nurse must be aware of closeness to the sterile field and the appropriate means to control environmental contaminants.

Question 19

Standard Precautions

Answer 19

Procedures followed to protect personnel from contact with the blood and body fluids of all patients.

Question 20

sterile

Answer 20

Free of living microorganisms, including spores.

Question 22

sterile field

Answer 22

Area around the site of incision into tissue or site of introduction of an instrument into a body orifice that has been prepared for the use of sterile supplies and equipment. This area includes all furniture covered with sterile drapes and all personnel who are properly attired in sterile garb.

Question 22

sterile technique

Answer 22

Methods by which contamination with microorganisms is prevented to maintain sterility throughout the surgical procedure.

Question 23

terminal sterilization and disinfection

Answer 23

Procedures carried out for the destruction of pathogens at the end of the surgical procedure in the OR or other areas of patient contact.

Question 24

unsterile

Answer 24

Inanimate object that has not been subjected to a sterilization process; the outside wrapping of a package containing a sterile item; a person who has not prepared to enter the sterile field.