Surg 102--Chap 10 (Fuller)

Question 1

Surg Tech’s must be aware of the risks and dangers associated with positioning the patient for surgery.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

All staff members need to protect their own health by using approved methods for patient movement and handling.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Moving a patient always poses the risk of an accident.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Never try to lift or maneuver the patient while reaching forward, away from your center of gravity.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Patient identification is a critical issue in health care.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The surgical team must be guided and directed in the position process. The ACP, surgeon, and circulator draw this direction from their knowledge of the patient’s status.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Never leave a child unattended or unobserved.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Greater than normal extension is _____.

Answer 8

hyperextension

Question 9

Greater than normal flexion is _____.

Answer 9

hyperflexion

Question 10

Nerve injury from hyperextension or hyper flexion is a _____.

Answer 10

traction injury

Question 11

Continuous pressure on the nerve or its blood can cause _____.

Answer 11

necrosis

Question 12

Compression of vessels restricts the blood supply to the tissue, this is called _____.

Answer 12

ischemia

Question 13

What is stage 1 of the classification of pressure damage and stages of pressure ulcers?

Answer 13

Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin, the heralding lesion of skin ulceration

Question 14

What is stage 2 of the classification of pressure damage and stages of pressure ulcers?

Answer 14

Partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and/or dermis. A superficial ulcer evolves and develops clinically as an abrasion, a blister, or a shallow crater

Question 15

What is stage 3 of the classification of pressure damage and stages of pressure ulcers?

Answer 15

Full-thickness skin loss, involving damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue, that may extend down to but not through underlying fascia. The ulcer presents clinically as a deep crater with or without undermining of adjacent tissue

Question 16

What is stage 4 of the classification of pressure damage and stages of pressure ulcers?

Answer 16

Full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures

Question 17

The ulnar nerve where is passes through the _____ of the elbow.

Answer 17

condylar groove

Question 18

The ulnar nerve where is passes through the condylar groove and then at the _____.

Answer 18

cubital tunnel

Question 19

The common _____ and _____ nerve and vessels where they pass through the popliteal fossa at the back of the knee

Answer 19

peroneal and tibial

Question 20

The _____, which is a complex anatomical area where the branches of nerve roots from C-5 to T1 or T2 merge.

Answer 20

brachial plexus

Question 21

The _____ nerve roots at the base of the spine.

Answer 21

lumbosacral

Question 22

A _____ is associated with a pressure injury

Answer 22

shear injury

Question 23

A _____ is a blood clot that circulates in the vascular system and lodges in a vessel, causing obstruction or occlusion.

Answer 23

thromboembolus (thrombus)

Question 24

_____ is placed on the patient’s legs before long procedures or on patients predisposed to clot formation.

Answer 24

Antiembolism stockings or sequential compression device (SCD)

Question 25

Supine position (dorsal recumbent position)

Answer 25

• patient on back
• used for procedures of the abdomen, thorax, and face
• feet must no extend over the edge of the table
• legs must not be crossed

Question 26

Trendelenburg position

Answer 26

• variation of supine, table is tilted head down
• permits greater access to the lower abdominal cavity and pelvic structures
• gravity retracts organs such as the small intestine, proximal large bowel, and omentum towards head

Question 27

Reverse Trendelenburg position (foot down)

Answer 27

• variation of supine, table is tilted foot down
• unobstructed access to the upper peritoneal cavity and lower esophagus
• instruments must be secured by a magnetic pad or pocket holders

Question 28

Lithotomy position

Answer 28

-patients thighs are abducted, and both knees and hips are flexed
-feet or in stirrups
used for gynecological, obstetrical, and genitourinary procedures
-can cause severe tissue injury

Question 29

Low lithotomy position

Answer 29

• maintained by stirrups or knee crutches

- allows access to the perineum and pelvic structures

Question 30

Sitting (Fowler) position

Answer 30

• orthopedic procedures

- used for facial, cranial, or reconstructive breast surgery

Question 31

Lateral (Sims) position

Answer 31

• orthopedic procedures
• used for renal system and cardiothoracic surgery
• patient anesthetized in supine position
• need at least 4 people

Question 32

Prone position

Answer 32

• lying face down
• allow access to the spine, cranium, and perianal region
• patient anesthetized in supine position
• 4 to 6 people required

Question 33

Jackknife (Kraske) position

Answer 33

• simultaneous head-down and foot-down posture

- anorectal surgery