Surface finishes and treatments

Question 1

Define the term Matt

Answer 1

A dull finish with no shine

Question 2

Define the term Satin

Answer 2

A finish with some shine

Question 3

Define the term Gloss

Answer 3

A finish which is very shiny

Question 4

Description of painting and uses and application

Answer 4

A coloured pigment in liquid that dries out

Applied by painting through using a brush, rag or sprays.

Used on outdoor furniture

Question 5

What are the advantages of painting?

Answer 5

• Available in a range of colours and in all three finishes: matt, satin and gloss.
• Easy to apply
• Adds good protection

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of painting?

Answer 6

-Conceal the natural grains of wood

Question 7

Description of staining and uses and application

Answer 7

A coloured liquid that soaks into the wood surface

Applied through using a brush, rag or sprays.

-Fencing, sheds

Question 8

What are the advantages of staining ?

Answer 8

• Changes the colours the colour of the timber (making it darker) while retaining the natural grain and look of the wood.
• Can make pale-coloured wood like pine a darker colour to mimic more expensive woods like Oak or Mahogany.
• High level of protection against the weather

Question 9

What are the disadvantages of staining ?

Answer 9

• Only gives a matt or satin finish

- Does not give a full mimic as the grain of the timber used is still present.

Question 10

Description of varnishing and uses and application

Answer 10

• A clear coating which dries to give a shine
• Can be coloured using a stain
• Applied by brush or spray
• Indoor furniture, wooden boats
• Can provide a matt, satin or glossy finish

Question 11

What are the advantages of varnishing?

Answer 11

• Can provide all 3 types of finishes

- Good protection through hardwearing finish that shows the grain of the wood

Question 12

What are the disadvantages of varnishing?

Answer 12

Easily scratch or chip and expose the wood, removing protection

-Affected by sunlight

Question 13

Description of wax and uses and application

Answer 13

• A soft solid that is rubbed into the surface with a cloth
• Adds a shine and can be applied over other finishes
• Can be coloured with a stain
• Usually applied with a cloth
• Indoor furniture

Question 14

What are the advantages of wax?

Answer 14

• Easy to apply
• Gives a plain and natural look
• Smells pleasant

Question 15

What are the disadvantages of wax?

Answer 15

• Rubs away and needs regular re-appliance

- Little protection

Question 16

Description of oil and uses and application

Answer 16

• Liquid which is rubbed onto the surface and soaks in
• Applied by brush, rag or spraying
• Indoor and outdoor furniture

Question 17

What are the advantages of oil?

Answer 17

• Good waterproofing for timber
• Different oils add different advantages:
• Vegetable oil is cheap and accessible, also non-toxic
• Danish oil provides a high-quality shiny/glossy finish
• Teak oil provides a good level of protection

Question 18

What are the disadvantages of oil?

Answer 18

• Surface texture is removed or reduced and is replaced with an oily feeling
• Rubs away and needs regular re-appliance

Question 19

Description of Shellac and uses and application

Answer 19

• A cloudy liquid made from resin secreted by a beetle
• Lots of layers are rubbed on and polished to create a finish called french polish
• High-quality indoor furniture

Question 20

What is the finish provided by Shellac called?

Answer 20

French polish

Question 21

What are the advantages of Shellac?

Answer 21

-Provides a glossy lustre and a high quality finish

Question 22

What are the disadvantages of Shellac?

Answer 22

• Easily damaged by water and heat

- High levels of skills are needed to apply

Question 23

Description of veneering and uses and application

Answer 23

• A thin layer of wood glued onto a surface, usually a manufactured board
• Luxury car dashboards

Question 24

What are the advantages of veneering?

Answer 24

-Gives the appearance of a high-quality, expensive timber such as Mahogany, even though cheaper timbers are being used chipboard.

Question 25

What are the disadvantages of veneering?

Answer 25

• Veneer is natural wood, therefore still needs an extra finish to applied
• High level of skill in needed to apply