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Design and Technology > Shaping > Flashcards

Shaping Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of drilling?

A

To make round holes in materials

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2
Q

What are the 5 main types of drill bits?

A
  • Twist bit
  • Flat bit
  • Forstner bit
  • Auger bit
  • Hole Saw
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3
Q

Which two different ways can drills be set up?

A
  • Cordless

- Pillar drills

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4
Q

Pillar drill components?

A
  • Makes accurate 90° vertical holes
  • Clamping methods
  • Machine bed
  • Drill bit
  • Drill guard
  • Useful for drilling small
  • Needs to be connected to a power source
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5
Q

Cordless drill components?

A
  • Hand-held
  • Portable
  • Useful for working on big pieces which are not portable.
  • Battery powered
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6
Q

What is the purpose of a twist drill?

A
  • Drilling smaller size holes

- The flutes lift the swarf out of the hole

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7
Q

Define flutes and swarfs

A

Twisted spirals along a drill bit that remove the swarfs (fine pieces of stone).

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8
Q

What is the advantage of a twist drill?

A
  • Relatively inexpensive compared to other drills

- Readily available in a range of sizes, varying from 1 mm to 13 mm.

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9
Q

What range of sizes can twist bits be available?

A

1 mm to 13 mm

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10
Q

What is the disadvantage of twist drills?

A
  • Only up to 13 mm diameter of the bit

- The flutes can become blocked/stuck and begin to burn the timber.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of flat bits?

A

Drilling larger holes

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12
Q

What is the advantage of flat bits?

A
  • Centre spur gives accurate starting point
  • Drills quickly and efficiently
  • Available in larger sizes
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13
Q

What is the disadvantage of flat bits?

A
  • Can not be used to make an existing hole bigger

- More difficult to use than other types of drill bits due to size, creates a lot of torque.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of forstner bits?

A

Drilling accurate flat-bottom holes

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15
Q

What is the advantage of forstner bits?

A

Small-centre spur can make a blind hole with a flat base

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16
Q

What is the disadvantage of forstner bits?

A

Slower than most other drill bits

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17
Q

What is the purpose of auger bits?

A

Drilling deep hole in timber

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18
Q

What is the advantage of auger bits?

A

Drills much deeper holes than other drills

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19
Q

What is the disadvantage of auger bits?

A
  • Expensive

- Needs to be used at a slow speed in order to be accurate and not cause defects such as chippings to the wood

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20
Q

What is the purpose of hole saws?

A

Drilling large circular holes

21
Q

What is the advantage of hole saws?

A

-Can be used to make large holes in variety of materials and not limited to Timber, such as manufactured board.

22
Q

What is the disadvantage of hole saws?

A
  • Cannot produce blind holes
  • Limited range of sizes available
  • Leaves a rough finish
23
Q

What are the uses of Hand saw?

A

General purpose saw for cutting larger boards and planks

24
Q

What are the uses of tenon saw?

A

Cutting smaller pieces of wood and accurate detail like joints

25
Q

What are the uses of coping saw?

A

Used to cut curves in timber

26
Q

What are the uses of scroll/hegner saws?

A

Used to cut shapes in thin sections of timber

27
Q

What are the uses of a jig saw?

A
  • Blade goes up and down

- Used to cut large thin pieces of wood and clamped to a bench

28
Q

What are the advantages Hand saw?

A
  • Cuts timber quick and efficiently.

- Can deal with large section/sheets of timber

29
Q

What are the advantages Tenon saw?

A
  • Stiffened blade

- Easier to make precise, straight cuts

30
Q

What are the advantages coping saw?

A
  • Inexpensive
  • Can cut very tight corners
  • Blade can be replaced quickly
  • Blade can be taken out and put through a hole to cut through a internal shape.
31
Q

What are the advantages scroll saw?

A
  • Can cut fine, intricate details and shapes

- Removes the effort needed sawing

32
Q

What are the advantages jig saw?

A
  • Removes the effort needed sawing

- Thin blades can cut curve shapes

33
Q

What are the disadvantages Hand saw?

A
  • Rough finish
  • Requires a lot of effort
  • Not as accurate as other saws, because blade can bend
34
Q

What are the disadvantages Tenon saw?

A

-Cannot cut sections of Timber deeper than the blade, as the spine that keeps the blade stiff is thicker than the blade.

35
Q

What are the disadvantages coping saw?

A
  • Not very accurate
  • Can leave a rough edge
  • Blade can snap easily
  • Small teeth saw slowly
36
Q

What are the disadvantages scroll saw?

A
  • Expensive
  • The blade can snap quite easily
  • Can not cut deep, large section of timber
37
Q

What are the disadvantages jig saw?

A
  • Expensive
  • The blade can wander in thicker materials
  • Can leave a rough edge
  • Difficult to cut straight lines
38
Q

What is planing?

A
  • A plane can be used to smooth the surfaces or edge of a piece of timber
  • Special planes, such as spokeshaves, can smooth inside and outside curves
39
Q

What is chiselling?

A
  • Chisels are used to shape timber by slicing away layers

- Chisels can be used to remove waste when cutting wood joints

40
Q

What is turning?

A
  • Timber can be made into a bowl shape by screwing it to a face plate, mounting it on a wood lathe and shaping it using wood turning tools
  • Timbers can be made into a long cylindrical shape by mounting it between centres on a wood lathe and working it with wood turning tools.
41
Q

Define turning

A

A method of making a wooden blank into a cylinder.

42
Q

Define abrading

A

Smoothing the surface of a material with abrasive papers

43
Q

What is abrading?

A
  • Timber can be made smooth by sanding it with glass paper
  • Glass paper is typically graded from P80 (a rough paper) to P240 (a smooth paper)
  • Sanding is usually in the same direction as the grain
  • Mechanical sanders, such as palm sanders, disc sanders and linishers, speed up the process.
44
Q

What is carving?

A

Timbers can be carved into 3D shapes using specialist carving chisels.

45
Q

What is rasps and surforms?

A

Rasps and surforms are similar to files but specifically designed for use with wood.

46
Q

Evaluate the use of files?

A
  • A range of tooth sizes and shapes available
  • Good for smoothing and shaping the sawn edges of manufactured boards
  • Small teeth are quite slow on wood
47
Q

Evaluate the use of rasps?

A
  • Large individual teeth
  • Available in different shapes, usually flat, half-round and round
  • Big teeth cut soft woods quickly
  • Good for rough shaping
  • Big teeth leave marks in the wood that need removing with a file or sandpaper
48
Q

Evaluate the use of surform?

A
  • A frame holds the blade with pressed metal teeth, similar to a cheese graters
  • Good for rough shaping of soft material
  • Blade can be removed from material and is easily replaced
  • Leaves a rough surface
  • Hard to use on higher density woods

Design and Technology (34 decks)

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