Shaping Flashcards
What is the purpose of drilling?
To make round holes in materials
What are the 5 main types of drill bits?
- Twist bit
- Flat bit
- Forstner bit
- Auger bit
- Hole Saw
Which two different ways can drills be set up?
- Cordless
- Pillar drills
Pillar drill components?
- Makes accurate 90° vertical holes
- Clamping methods
- Machine bed
- Drill bit
- Drill guard
- Useful for drilling small
- Needs to be connected to a power source
Cordless drill components?
- Hand-held
- Portable
- Useful for working on big pieces which are not portable.
- Battery powered
What is the purpose of a twist drill?
- Drilling smaller size holes
- The flutes lift the swarf out of the hole
Define flutes and swarfs
Twisted spirals along a drill bit that remove the swarfs (fine pieces of stone).
What is the advantage of a twist drill?
- Relatively inexpensive compared to other drills
- Readily available in a range of sizes, varying from 1 mm to 13 mm.
What range of sizes can twist bits be available?
1 mm to 13 mm
What is the disadvantage of twist drills?
- Only up to 13 mm diameter of the bit
- The flutes can become blocked/stuck and begin to burn the timber.
What is the purpose of flat bits?
Drilling larger holes
What is the advantage of flat bits?
- Centre spur gives accurate starting point
- Drills quickly and efficiently
- Available in larger sizes
What is the disadvantage of flat bits?
- Can not be used to make an existing hole bigger
- More difficult to use than other types of drill bits due to size, creates a lot of torque.
What is the purpose of forstner bits?
Drilling accurate flat-bottom holes
What is the advantage of forstner bits?
Small-centre spur can make a blind hole with a flat base
What is the disadvantage of forstner bits?
Slower than most other drill bits
What is the purpose of auger bits?
Drilling deep hole in timber
What is the advantage of auger bits?
Drills much deeper holes than other drills
What is the disadvantage of auger bits?
- Expensive
- Needs to be used at a slow speed in order to be accurate and not cause defects such as chippings to the wood
What is the purpose of hole saws?
Drilling large circular holes
What is the advantage of hole saws?
-Can be used to make large holes in variety of materials and not limited to Timber, such as manufactured board.
What is the disadvantage of hole saws?
- Cannot produce blind holes
- Limited range of sizes available
- Leaves a rough finish
What are the uses of Hand saw?
General purpose saw for cutting larger boards and planks
What are the uses of tenon saw?
Cutting smaller pieces of wood and accurate detail like joints
What are the uses of coping saw?
Used to cut curves in timber
What are the uses of scroll/hegner saws?
Used to cut shapes in thin sections of timber
What are the uses of a jig saw?
- Blade goes up and down
- Used to cut large thin pieces of wood and clamped to a bench
What are the advantages Hand saw?
- Cuts timber quick and efficiently.
- Can deal with large section/sheets of timber
What are the advantages Tenon saw?
- Stiffened blade
- Easier to make precise, straight cuts
What are the advantages coping saw?
- Inexpensive
- Can cut very tight corners
- Blade can be replaced quickly
- Blade can be taken out and put through a hole to cut through a internal shape.
What are the advantages scroll saw?
- Can cut fine, intricate details and shapes
- Removes the effort needed sawing
What are the advantages jig saw?
- Removes the effort needed sawing
- Thin blades can cut curve shapes
What are the disadvantages Hand saw?
- Rough finish
- Requires a lot of effort
- Not as accurate as other saws, because blade can bend
What are the disadvantages Tenon saw?
-Cannot cut sections of Timber deeper than the blade, as the spine that keeps the blade stiff is thicker than the blade.
What are the disadvantages coping saw?
- Not very accurate
- Can leave a rough edge
- Blade can snap easily
- Small teeth saw slowly
What are the disadvantages scroll saw?
- Expensive
- The blade can snap quite easily
- Can not cut deep, large section of timber
What are the disadvantages jig saw?
- Expensive
- The blade can wander in thicker materials
- Can leave a rough edge
- Difficult to cut straight lines
What is planing?
- A plane can be used to smooth the surfaces or edge of a piece of timber
- Special planes, such as spokeshaves, can smooth inside and outside curves
What is chiselling?
- Chisels are used to shape timber by slicing away layers
- Chisels can be used to remove waste when cutting wood joints
What is turning?
- Timber can be made into a bowl shape by screwing it to a face plate, mounting it on a wood lathe and shaping it using wood turning tools
- Timbers can be made into a long cylindrical shape by mounting it between centres on a wood lathe and working it with wood turning tools.
Define turning
A method of making a wooden blank into a cylinder.
Define abrading
Smoothing the surface of a material with abrasive papers
What is abrading?
- Timber can be made smooth by sanding it with glass paper
- Glass paper is typically graded from P80 (a rough paper) to P240 (a smooth paper)
- Sanding is usually in the same direction as the grain
- Mechanical sanders, such as palm sanders, disc sanders and linishers, speed up the process.
What is carving?
Timbers can be carved into 3D shapes using specialist carving chisels.
What is rasps and surforms?
Rasps and surforms are similar to files but specifically designed for use with wood.
Evaluate the use of files?
- A range of tooth sizes and shapes available
- Good for smoothing and shaping the sawn edges of manufactured boards
- Small teeth are quite slow on wood
Evaluate the use of rasps?
- Large individual teeth
- Available in different shapes, usually flat, half-round and round
- Big teeth cut soft woods quickly
- Good for rough shaping
- Big teeth leave marks in the wood that need removing with a file or sandpaper
Evaluate the use of surform?
- A frame holds the blade with pressed metal teeth, similar to a cheese graters
- Good for rough shaping of soft material
- Blade can be removed from material and is easily replaced
- Leaves a rough surface
- Hard to use on higher density woods
