Surface Features Flashcards
Lines: midsternal, parasternal, midaxillary, midclavicular, paravertebral, scapular
Scapular: thru inferior angle, marker for brachial plexus palsy
Midclavicular: marker for PMI (5th intercostal, mitral valve)
Midaxillary: marker for thoracentesis (9th intercostal) & V6 electrode, chest tube in ptx (6th intercostal)
Paravertebral: assoc w/ tips of transverse processes
Parasternal: L 6th intercostal = marker for pericardiocentesis, L 2nd intercostal = pulmonic valve
Intercostal Spaces
2nd left (pulmonic), right (aortic)
4th lower left sternal border (tricuspid), 5th left, just medial to midclavicular line (mitral)
5th @ midclavicular line, just below nipple (apex)
4-6th along left sternal border (cardiac notch, pericardiocentesis)
C7 spinous process (vertebra prominens)
Most visible superficially
base of the neck
Median Furrow of back
overly spinous processes
begins superiorly in cervical region, ends w/ gluteal cleft
Iliac Crest
highest point = L4 where LPs can be done
palpation of kidneys
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
Triangle of Auscultation
inferior trapezius, latissimus dorsi, medial border of scapula
lungs can be more easily heard d/t thinning of musculature of back
accentuated by pt leaning forward and folding arms across chest
Lumbar Triangle
Inferior Lumbar Triangle- iliac crest, external abd oblique, latissimus dorsi
Superior Lumbar Triangle- quadratus lumborum, T12, internal abd oblique
-sites of herniation (superior more commonly), inferior more superficial
Dermatomes
Unilateral area of skin innervated by sensory fibers from a single spinal nerve
Axillary Tail of Breast
“tail of spence”: extension of breast tissue into the axilla,
masses may develop in this tissue, which doesn’t appear to be a part of the breast,
higher incidence of cancer in the axillary tail, must be checked during exams
