Nerves, Arteries, Veins

Question 1

Internal Thoracic aa.

Answer 1

• anterior intercostal aa brach from the internal thoracic aa.
• originates from subclavian aa.
• splits into the superior epigastric & musculophrenic aa @ the 6th intercostal
• used in CABG.

Question 2

Thoracoacromial aa.

Answer 2

• originates from 2nd part of axillary aa (which comes from the subclavian aa)
• branches include pectoral, clavicular, acromial, deltoid

Question 3

Posterior Intercostal aa

Answer 3

-branches off the descending thoracic aorta (laterally)

Question 4

Anterior Intercostal aa

Answer 4

• originate from internal thoracic aa & musculophrenic aa
• supplies intercostal muscles
• two to each intercostal space, b/w internal & innermost intercostal muscles

Question 5

Intercostal vv

Answer 5

• drain intercostal muscles/spaces
• on underside of ribs, superior to artery (VAN)
• drains into azygous (right), hemiazygous & accessory hemiazygous (left, lower & upper respectively), -superior intercostal vein & brachiocephalic vein (superiorly)
• thoracocentesis done above rib in order to avoid VAN

Question 6

Pericardiacophrenic aa

Answer 6

• accompanies phrenic nn
• originates from internal thoracic aa, supplies pericardium and diaphragm, ends w/ musculophrenic aa

Question 7

Phrenic nn

Answer 7

phrenic front, travels anterior to hilum

in middle mediastinum

Question 8

Superior Intercostal vv

Answer 8

• drain 2, 3, 4th posterior intercostal vv
• rt drains into azygous just prior to the SVC
• lft drains into L brachiocephalic, also sometimes has connection w/ accessory hemiazygous vv

Question 9

Azygous system

Answer 9

Question 10

Vagus nn

Answer 10

party in the back, runs posterior to hilum

• gives rise to esophageal, cardiac, pulmonary plexuses
• supplies 90% of parasympathetic preganglionic fibers

Question 11

Recurrent Larygneal nn

Answer 11

• originates from vagus nn.
• right: loops around subclavian aa
• left: loops around aortic arch (longer, more susceptible

to injury)

-drops down in tracheoesophageal groove, supplies larynx

Question 12

Sympathetic chain/trunk & ganglia (cell bodies)

Answer 12

Grey & White Rami communicans:

white carries preganglionic fibers to ganglia (more lateral, visible),

grey carries postganglionic fibers & nonsynapsed preganglionic fibers out of ganglia

Question 13

Cardiac Plexus

Answer 13

sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of heart

Question 14

Thoracic Splanchnic nn

Answer 14

• arise from sympathetic chain in thorax and head anterior and inferior from sympathetic chain to supply sympathetic innervation to abdomen.
• carry preganglionic sympathetic & visceral afferent sensory fibers

Question 15

Esophageal Plexus

Answer 15

supplied by sympathetic & parasympathetics (like cardiac plexus)

Question 16

Suboccipital nn

Answer 16

motor only

Question 17

Greater Occipital nn

Answer 17

mixed, C2 dermatome back of the head,

semispinalis capitis (motor)

Question 18

Vertebral aa

Answer 18

• from subclavian aa, goes up thru C1 transverse foramen, travels medially, passes thru posterior membrane and into vertebral canal
• ends in the basilar aa, supplies the brain