Surface Anatomy Flashcards
• Visualization in the “mind’s eye” of structures
that lie beneath the skin
• Learn by observing the surface of the body
• Basis for the physical examination of the body
that forms part of physical diagnosis
Surface Anatomy
Thoracic Wall
- Composed of :
1] bones 2] muscles
- > vertebrae
- > ribs
- > sternum
Passes thru sternum
Midsternal line
left and right
midclavicular line
along anterior axillary fold
Anterior axillary line
Apex beat [Point of maximum impulse] =
5th ICS, left midclavicular line
AB - PMI
5ICS LMCL
Ant axillary fold
Ant axillary line
Post axillary fold
Post axillary line
separating the body into its anterior, or front, and posterior, or back, halves
Mid axillary line
drains fluid from lungs
Tube Thoracostomy
middle part. between sternocleidomastoid
jugular notch
head of sternum. 2nd intercostal space
sternal angle of louise
lowest part of ribs
costal margin
• large, visible dip where the
clavicles join the sternum.
• young normal person
• no palpable pulse
Jugular or suprasternal notch
- suprasternal pulse
- adult =
- child =
aortic arch aneurysm
coarctation of the
aorta.
junction of manubrium and the body of
sternum
Sternal angle
Sternal angle
• manubriosternal joint or Angle of Louis
• palpable clinical landmark
• marks the approximate level of the 2nd
pair of costal cartilages
• Level of T4 vertebrae
Sternal angle
• marks approximately the beginning and
end of the aortic arch
• bifurcation of the trachea into left and right
main bronchi.
Sternal angle
medial margin formed by the false ribs -- specifically, from the seventh rib to the tenth rib
Costal margin
shoulder blade, is a large triangular-shaped bone that lies in the upper back.
scapula
33 individual, interlocking bones that form the spinal column
vertebrae
seventh cervical vertebra
Vertebra or spina prominens
• most distinctive characteristic • existence of a long and prominent spinous process • palpable from the skin surface
Vertebra or spina prominens
cervical spine
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccyx
prominence about the centre of the outer surface of the squamous portion of the
occipital bone
External occipital
protuberance
• conical prominence projecting fr undersurface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone • behind the external acoustic meatus • lateral to the styloid process • larger in the male
Mastoid process
4 areas
quadrant
9 areas
region
increase fatty diet, salt , alcohol
gall stones
distal mucus fistula. to rain fluid
ileostomy
may incision
open cholecystectomy
laparoscope. better quality.
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
where spermatic chord pass through
inguinal ligament
