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Anatomy and Physiology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood flows in two main circuits

A
  • Systemic circulation

* Pulmonary circulation

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2
Q

Blood vessels

A

artery
vein
capillaries

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3
Q

carries blood away from the heart

A

artery

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4
Q

carries blood toward the heart

A

vein

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5
Q

can take higher pressure

A

artery

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6
Q 
Artery and Vein
3 layers (from lumen side)
A

Tunica interna
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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7
Q
  1. Endothelium
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Internal elastic lamina
A

Tunica interna

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8
Q

Has smooth muscle and elastic fibers

A

Tunica media

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9
Q

• Has elastic and collagen fibers
• Contains nerves and the vasa vasorum
• Anchors vessel to surrounding
tissue

A

Tunica externa

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10
Q

Artery

A

Elastic artery
Muscular artery
Arteriole

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11
Q

• Large caliber (e.g. aorta and its branches, pulmonary artery)
• Thin walls (1/10th of diameter)
• Thick tunica media with more abundant elastic fibers than smooth
muscles
• Expands during ventricular systole
• Elastic recoil of walls constricting lumen propel blood forward during
ventricular diastole
• Conducting artery

A

Elastic artery

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12
Q

• Medium-sized artery (e.g. brachial artery, radial artery, femoral artery,
specific organ arteries)
• Thick walls (3/4th of diameter )
• More abundant smooth muscles than elastic fibers (up to 40 layers of
smooth muscles), always in a partial state of contraction (vascular
tone)
• Readily vasoconstricts and vasodilates to regulate blood flow, low
recoil capability
• Distributing artery

A

Muscular artery

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13
Q

• Microscopic vessels which regulate blood flow into
capillary network
• Wall is 1⁄2 vessel diameter
• Tunica media has 1 -2 smooth muscle cell layers with
a precapillary sphincter at the metarteriole (most
distal region)-capillary junction
• Its small diameter and constriction of walls by smooth
muscle contraction increase resistance to blood flow
and decrease blood into capillaries
• Resistance artery

A

Arteriole

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14
Q

where artery and vein would meet.

Where oxigen, carbon dioxide, nutrition exchange location.

A

capillaries

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15
Q 
Smallest of the blood vessels, measuring 5
-
10μm in diameter, connect arterioles and
venules
No tunica media and tunica externa
Has a single

-cell wall, the endothelium,
enables the interchange of water, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, other nutrient and waste
chemical substances driven by hydrostatic and
colloid osmotic pressures inside the capillary
and surrounding tissues (cells and interstitial
space)
Exchange vessels
RBC (diam=8μm) need to fold a little to pass
single file thru the capillaries

A

capillaries

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16
Q

• Found near all the cells of the body
• Distribution dependent on the tissue’s metabolic
activity
• Higher metabolic activity (e.g. brain, muscles, liver,
kidneys, CNS), more oxygen and nutrient
requirements, the denser the capillary network vs.
lower metabolic activity tissues (e.g. tendons,
ligaments)
• Absent in epithelium, cartilage, lens and cornea

A

capillaries

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17
Q

damaged veins that leads to backflow

A

varicose veins/varices

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18
Q

backflows are prevented by

A

valves

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19
Q

varicose veins reason

A

incompetent venous valves

there is blood backflow

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20
Q

Can also be found in the

esophagus and anal canal

A

varicose veins/varices

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21
Q

Main exit from left ventricle

A

AORTA

22
Q

AORTA
One continuous vessel
named into four parts

A
  • Ascending
  • Arch (T4-T5 disc)
  • Thoracic (left of vert bodies)
  • Abdominal (Up to L4)
23
Q

supplies 80% of the brain

A

Internal Carotid a

24
Q

supplies the

structures internal to the skull

A

Internal carotid a

25
Q

supplies the

structures external to the skull

A

External carotid a

26
Q

Common Carotid

A

Internal carotid

External carotid

27
Q

allows for proper blood flow from the arteries to both the front and back hemispheres of the brain.

A

Circle of Willis

28
Q

• Communicating arteries connecting the left and right anterior
circulation
• Anterior circulation (fr internal carotid aa) connected to posterior
circulation (fr vertebral aa) via the basilar a

A

REDUNDANT BLOOD SUPPLY

29
Q 
• Begins at the superior
border of the larynx until
the temporomandibular
joint where it divides in
the parotid gland and
branches as the
• Superficial temporal a
• Maxilla a
A 
External carotid
(external to the neck)
30
Q

Carotid sinus has

A

baro receptor

31
Q

right direct to the heart

A

Subclavian artery

32
Q

shoulder artery

A

Subclavian artery

33
Q

Gives off the vertibral Artery and axillary Artery

A

Subclavian artery

34
Q 
major
br to the brain,
passes thru the
transverse foramina
of cervical
vertebrae C6 to C1
into the foramen
magnum
A

Vertibral Artery

35
Q 
• Joins the
vertebral a of
the other side
to form the
basilar a
A

Cerebral Circle of Willis

36
Q

give 20% blood supply to the brain

A

basilar artery

37
Q

proximal stenosis of subclavian artery, resulting
in retrograde flow from circle of willis to vertebral artery to supply the arm,
symptoms result from
hypoxia of the brain

A

Subclavian steal syndrome

38
Q

increase chance of coma or brain damage

A

hypoxia of the brain

39
Q 
Continuation of the subclavian
artery into the upper limb deep to
the clavicle after the lateral
border of the 1st rib, divided by
the pectoralis minor m into 3:
A

Axillary artery

40
Q

• Continuation of the axillary artery into the arm
• Superficial, passes medial to the humerus then
anteriorly into the cubital fossa
• Brachial a pulses can be palpated and ausculatated here
when taking the blood pressure of a person.

A

Brachial artery

41
Q

• Radial and ulnar aa
anastomose in the hand
via superficial and deep
palmar arches.

A

Palmar arches

42
Q

below thumb artery

A

Radial

43
Q

below pinky artery

A

ulnar

44
Q

supplies blood to stomach

A

Celiac trunk (T12 level)

45
Q

• 5 branches-Inferior pancreaticoduodenal, Jejunal and Ileal,
Ileocolic, Right colic, Middle colic
• Supplies the gut as described in their names

upper abdominal

A

Superior mesenteric (L1)

46
Q

3 branches
• Left colic- transverse and descending colon
• Sigmoid- descending and sigmoid colon
• Superior rectal- rectum

lower abdominal

A

Inferior mesenteric (L3)

47
Q

(sphenoid bone) drain the
ophthalmic and cerebral
vv

A

cavernus sinus

48
Q

very dangerous. can cause death

A

cavernus sinus thrombosis

49
Q

biggest vein

A

inferior vena cava

50
Q

supplies liver

A

hepatic portal vein

51
Q

Results from a severe and
chronic block of the portal
route (e.g. thrombosis of the
portal vein or liver cirrhosis)

A

portal hypertension

52
Q

portal hypertension:
If dilated, the alternate
systemic route may manifest
with:

A
  1. esophageal varices
  2. hemorrhoids
  3. caput medusae

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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