Reproductive System Flashcards
Male Reproductive System is composed of
Testes
Genital ducts
Accessory glands
Penis
Primary Functions:
Production of Sperm
Synthesis of Androgens
Scrotum
covering the testes
Testes
the balls
Paired ovoid organs; lie within
the scrotum
testes
testes is Covered by a thick, dense
connective tissue capsule
called as
Tunica albuginea
inner part of testes,
loose connective tissue
Tunica vasculosa
parts of testes
Tunica albuginea
Tunica vasculosa
Seminifarous Tubules
Where sperm is produced
Seminifarous Tubules
Each lobule of testis consists of how many
seminiferous tubules
1 to 4
and each lobule of testis consists of a connective tissue stroma – Interstitial tissue containing
Leydig cells
triangular cell. provide nourishment for the sperm to mature.
Sertoli cells
large, polygonal, eosinophilic cells
producing androgens
Interstitial tissue with Leydig
cells or Interstitial cells
Spermatogenic
cells
Spermatogonia Primary spermatocyte Secondary spermatocyte Spermatid Sperm cell
columnar cells
Sertoli cells
The testis is covered by the _____ , a serous sac that is derived from the parietal peritoneum.
tunica vaginalis
It has a visceral layer and
a parietal layer.
tunica vaginalis
which is the fibrous
capsule of the testis.
tunica
albuginea
can cause swelling of testis. can cause constriction of the testis. can cause pagkabaog
mumps/paratitis
death of the cell
atrophy
coiled to form a lobule
seminifarous tubules
- Inguinal hernia
- Hydrocoele
- Haematocoele
- Varicocoele
- Epididymitis
Enlargement of the Scrotum
where the contents of the abdominal cavity protrude into the scrotum, via
the inguinal canal.
Inguinal hernia
a collection of serous fluid within the tunica vaginalis. The congenital form is most commonly due to a failure of the processus vaginalis
to close. Adult hydrocele is often associated with inflammation or trauma and
rarely, testicular tumors.
Hydrocoele
gross dilation of the veins draining the testes. The left testicle is more commonly affected, as the left testicular vein is longer and drains into the left renal vein at a perpendicular angle.A large varicocoele can look and feel like a “bag of worms” within the scrotum Varicocoele is quite common in the general population; its prevalence is estimated at 15-25%.
Varicocele
inflammation of the
epididymis, usually caused by bacterial
or viral infection
Epididymitis
is a surgical emergency, where the spermatic cord twists upon itself. This can lead to strangulation of the testicular artery, resulting in necrosis of the testis.
Testicular torsion
- Provide mechanical support and protection to the developing germ cells.
- Provide nutrition for the developing germ cells.
- Play an active role in the release of spermatozoa.
- Phagocytosis of cellular fragments.
- Formation of blood-testis permeability barrier.
Functions of the Sertoli Cells
release spermatozoa
sertoli cell
refers to the
entire sequence of events
wherein spermatogonia are
transformed into spermatozoa.
Spermatogenesis
Process by which spermatogonia
develop into sperm
(74 days)
Factors affecting Spermatogenesis:
◼Dietary deficiencies ◼Infections ◼Elevated testicular temperature ◼Steroid hormones ◼Toxic agents ◼Radiation
Hormonal regulation of Male Reproductive System
Anterior Pituitary Gland or Adenohypophysis
FSH
LH
stimulates
spermatogenesis
FSH
stimulates Leydig cells to
secrete testosterone
LH
it is alkali which neutralizes the acidic environment of vagina
semen
Average ejaculate has a volume of about ____ and normally contains up to _______ / ml
3 ml
100 million sperm
Female reproductive system is covered with
peritonium
10-12 cm long
Fallopian tube
Functions of fallopian tube
• carry oocytes from ovaries • carry sperms from uterus to ampulla • conveys dividing zygote to uterus
Pregnancy outside the uterus
ectopic pregnancy
an infection of a woman’s reproductive organs. From vagina going up
PID or pelvic inflammatory disease
- abdominal ostium
* 20 to 30 fimbriae
Infundibulum
• widest & longest
Ampulla
• narrowest part
Isthmus
- interstitial
Intramural
Located between
bladder and rectum
Uterus
Functions of uterus:
reception, retention, nutrition
- pear-shaped
- 3 x 2 x 1”
- triangular cavity
- thick muscular wall
uterus
a woman (or female animal) that has never given birth.
Nullipara
Uterine Support
- Pelvic Diaphragm
- Urogenital diaphragm
- Cardinal ligament
- Uterosacral ligament
- Pubocervical ligament
- levator ani muscles
- coccygeus
• Pelvic Diaphragm
Conditions:
- Prolapse / Procidentia
- Leiomyoma
- Malignancy
- Embryological
Benign tumor in uterus. unknown cause
Leiomyoma
uterine cancer or cervical cancer
- Malignancy
common in multiparas
uterine cancer
common in prostitutes
cervical cancer
born with the problem. EXAMPLE: vaginal septum
Embryological
Blood Supply of Female
Reproductive Tract
• Vagina -vaginal artery -internal pudendal a. • Uterus -uterine artery -ovarian artery • Ovary -ovarian artery • Uterine tubes - uterine & ovarian a.
Venous drainage
- internal iliac veins
* ovarian vein
counterpart of labia majora
scrotum
