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Anatomy and Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

function:

A
  • PROTECTION
  • SENSATION
  • HOMEOSTASIS
  • SECRETION
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2
Q

Thermoregulation

Fluid/Electrolyte balance

A

• HOMEOSTASIS

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3
Q

layers of the skin

A

epidermis
dermis
HYPODERMIS/SQ FAT

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4
Q

Stratified squamous

keratinizing epithelium

A

epidermis

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5
Q

Dense irregular CT

A

dermis

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6
Q

Modified loose CT

A

HYPODERMIS/SQ FAT

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7
Q

COMPONENTS OF SKIN

A

epithelium
connective tissue
nervous, muscle tissue

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8
Q
  • Epidermis
  • Epidermal appendages
  • Endothelium of blood vessels
A

epithelium

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9
Q

connective tissue

A

dermis

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10
Q 
• Keratin-producing
• Undergo differentiation
• End-result: tough
waterproof layer
(=stratum corneum)
A

KERATINOCYTES

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11
Q

important layers

A

STRATUM CORNEUM
STRATUM LUCIDUM
STRATUM GRANULOSUM

STRATUM SPINOSUM

STRATUM BASALE

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12
Q

cause skin to regenerate

A

stratum basale

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13
Q 
• Thin, lightly staining
refractile layer
• Seen only in thick skin
• 4-6 rows of very flat cells
• Rarely see nuclei
• Cells are essentially dead
A

STRATUM LUCIDUM

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14
Q
  • INTERCELLULAR LIPID
  • THICKENED PLASMA MEMBRANE (envelope proteins)
  • KERATIN BUNDLES + MATRIX
  • Impermeability to water
  • Mechanical barrier
A

STRATUM CORNEUM

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15
Q 
• Flattening
• Filling with keratin
• Thickening of
membrane
• Waterproofing with
intercellular lipid
• Losing
nuclei/organelles
A

KERATINIZATION

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16
Q 
• 1000-2000 cells/sq mm
• 1 melanocyte : 30
keratinocytes
• Dendritic cell in basal
layer
• Melanin-producing
• Protection against UV
A

melanocyte

17
Q 
• Fine brush-like in
Papillary dermis
• Coarse, fragmented in
Reticular dermis
• Bundles are oriented
differently
  • Mechanical strength
  • Skin lines
A

ELASTIC FIBERS

18
Q

SKIN LINES

A

langer
kraissl
borges and alexander

19
Q

• Cadaveric study
• Opening of skin lines between
puncture pts
• Tension determined by elastic fibers

A

langer

20
Q
  • Wrinkle lines

* Follows musculo-tendinous action

A

kraissl

21
Q
  • Relaxed skin tension lines

* Creases formed by skin pinching

A

borges and alexander

22
Q

what causes pain?

A

free nerve endings

23
Q 
• Small cocoon-like
• In dermal papillae,
oriented perp. To surf
• Lips, fingertips/toes
• Fxn: light touch
A

MEISSNER CORPUSCLE

24
Q
  • Onion-shaped structures
  • Deep dermis/hypod
  • Fingertips/jts
  • Fxn: pressure/vibration
A

PACINIAN CORPUSCLE

25
Q
  • HAIR
  • NAIL
  • Hard keratin (vs. soft keratin of epidermis)
A

MODIFIED EPIDERMAL STRUCTURES

26
Q
  • Sebaceous
  • Eccrine
  • Apocrine
A

GLANDS

27
Q

Hair follicle
Arrector pili
Sebaceous gland
*Apocrine gland

A

PILOSEBACEOUS UNIT

28
Q

types of hair

A

TERMINAL HAIR

VELLUS HAIR

29
Q

TERMINAL HAIR

A

• Scalp, eyebrows/lashes,
axillae/pubis
• Larger, coarser, deeper root

30
Q

VELLUS HAIR

A
  • Rest of body

* Thin, lightly pigmented

31
Q 
• Simple branched acinar
gland
• Sebum - lubricant
• Holocrine secretion
• Not found in palms,
soles and glans
A

sebaceous gland

32
Q
  • Simple coiled tubular gland
  • Opens into infundibulum
  • Scent hormones
  • In axillae, areola, genital area
A

apocrine

33
Q 
• Simple coiled tubular
• Opens directly on skin
surface
• Except in lips, ext.
genitalia; Most
numerous in palms,
soles, forehead, axilla
• Thermoregulation
A

eccrine

34
Q

Anterior aspect of the head from the
forehead to the chin and from one earto the
other
▪ Providesour identity as an individual human
▪ Basic shape is determined by the underlying
bones

A

face

35
Q

Facial lacerations tend to

A

gape –becausethe
face has no deep fascia and the
subcutaneous tissue between the cutaneous
attachments of the muscles is loose

36
Q

Looseness of the subcutaneous tissue
enables fluid and blood to accumulate
following bruising

A

Facial lacerations

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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