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Anatomy and Physiology > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

primary function

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

secondary functions of respiratory system are

A

phonation and olfaction.

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3
Q

Organs of the Respiratory system

A 
• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs –
alveoli
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4
Q

• Conducting portion:

A 
Nose & nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
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5
Q

• Respiratory portion:

A

Bronchiole

Alveolus

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6
Q

• The only externally visible part of the
respiratory system
• Air enters the nose through the external
nares (nostrils)

A

Nose

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7
Q

The interior of the nose consists of a

nasal cavity divided by a

A

nasal septum

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8
Q

Lateral walls have projections called

A

conchae

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9
Q

conchae function:

A

• Increases surface area
• Increases air turbulence within the nasal
cavity

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10
Q

The nasal cavity is separated from the

oral cavity by the

A

palate

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11
Q

•Anterior hard palate

A

(bone)

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12
Q

•Posterior soft palate

A

(muscle)

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13
Q

Olfactory receptors are located

A

in the

mucosa on the superior surface

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14
Q

The rest of the cavity is lined with

A

respiratory mucosa

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15
Q
  • Moistens air

* Traps incoming foreign particles

A

respiratory mucosa

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16
Q

Extends from the nares to the choncae, through which it opens into the nasopharynx

A

Nasal Cavity (Nose)

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17
Q

Three Regions of the Nasal Cavity

A
  • Vestibule
  • Respiratory Region (Schneiderian Membrane)
  • Olfactory Region
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18
Q

• Most dilated
• Anterior portion of the nasal cavity
• Lined by stratified squamous non-cornified
epithelium

A

• Vestibule

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19
Q

is composed of dense

connective tisssue

A

• Lamina propria of vestibule

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20
Q

• Vestibule Contains some sebaceous glands, sweat
glands and hair follicles with thick, stiff hair
called

A

vibrassae

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21
Q 
• Mucus membrane lining the respiratory
portion
• Consists of pseudo-stratified ciliated
columnar epithelium with goblet cells
• Has a relatively thick basement membrane
A

Respiratory Region

Schneiderian Membrane

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22
Q

contains serous and mucous

tubulo-alveolar glands

A

Lamina propria of Respiratory Region

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23
Q

Respiratory Epithelium

A
  1. Ciliated columnar cells – most abundant
  2. Mucous goblet cells - mucin
  3. Brush cells –
    > Columnar cells w/ microvilli
    > Immature cells
    > Chemosensory/ receptor cells
  4. Basal cells – BM, stem cells
  5. Small granule cell
    > effectors in integration
    mucous and serous secretion
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24
Q

– Abundant venous plexuses beneath the
epithelium
– Capable of engorgement which may cause “stuffy
nose” in colds or “nose bleed”

A

“Cavernous Plexuses”

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25
Q

– Respiratory mucosa here is adherent to the
periosteum of the bone or the perichondrium of
the cartilage beneath it

A

Mucoperiosteum or mucoperichondrium

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26
Q

• Specialized area

A

• Olfactory Region

27
Q

Contains the olfactory mucosa (olfactory epithelium)

A

• Olfactory Region

28
Q

– Receptor organ for smell
– Located at the roof of the nasal fossae
– Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium without goblet cells
– No distinct basal lamina

A

olfactory mucosa (olfactory epithelium)

29
Q

Three Types of Cells Found in the Olfactory Epithelium

A
  • Olfactory cells
  • Basal cells
  • Supporting or Sustentacular cells
30
Q

Branched tubulo-alveolar glands in the lamina propria of the olfactory epithelium

A

Bowman’s Glands

31
Q

Musculo-membranous tube

A

Pharynx

32
Q

Extends from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebrae, opposite the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

A

Pharynx

33
Q

Three Parts or region of the Pharynx

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
34
Q

• Uppermost part
• Mucosa is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium with goblet cells
• Lamina propria contains a significant amount of elastic tissue
• Pharyngeal glands have mixed secretions

A

• Nasopharynx

35
Q

Aggregations of lymphatic nodules in the posterior wall

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

36
Q

Aggregations of lymphatic nodules behind the opening of the Eustachian tube

A

Tubal tonsils

37
Q
  • Lined by stratified squamous non-cornified epithelium

* With mucous glands

A

Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

38
Q

Cavities within bones surrounding the

nasal cavity

A

Paranasal Sinuses

39
Q

Function of the sinuses

A

• Lighten the skull
•Act as resonance chambers for speech
•Produce mucus that drains into the nasal
cavity

40
Q

Muscular passage from nasal cavity to

larynx

A

Pharynx

41
Q

superior region behind

nasal cavity

A

• Nasopharynx

42
Q

middle region behind mouth

A

•Oropharynx

43
Q

inferior region attached

to larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

44
Q

These are

common passageways for air and food

A

The oropharynx and laryngopharynx

45
Q 
Routes air and food into proper
channels.
• Plays a role in speech
• Made of eight rigid hyaline cartilages
and a spoon-shaped flap of elastic
cartilage (epiglottis)
A

Larynx (Voice Box)

46
Q

Structures of the Larynx

A

Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis
Vocal cords (vocal folds)
Glottis

47
Q
  • Largest hyaline cartilage

* Protrudes anteriorly (Adam’s apple)

A

Thyroid cartilage

48
Q

•Superior opening of the larynx
•Routes food to the larynx and air toward
the trachea

A

Epiglottis

49
Q

•Vibrate with expelled air to create sound

speech

A

Vocal cords (vocal folds)

50
Q

opening between vocal cords

A

Glottis

51
Q
  • Also called as voice box

* Made up of 9 cartilages

A

Larynx (Voice Box)

52
Q

3 unpaired

A

thyroid = Adam’s apple
cricoid
epiglottis

53
Q

3 paired

A

cuneiform
corniculate
arytenoid

54
Q

2 larynx folds:

A

Vestibular folds = False vocal cords

Vocal folds = True vocal cords

55
Q
  • Connects larynx with bronchi

* Lined with ciliated mucosa

A

Trachea (Windpipe)

56
Q

•Beat continuously in the opposite direction of
incoming air
•Expel mucus loaded with dust and other
debris away from lungs

A

Trachea (Windpipe)

57
Q

• Walls of trachea are reinforced with C-shaped

A

hyaline cartilage

58
Q

Also called as windpipe

A

Trachea

59
Q 
Trachea, a Membranous tube made
up of \_\_\_\_\_ C shaped
pieces of cartilages
• C shaped cartilages
protect the trachea and
maintain an open
passageway for air
A

16 to 20

60
Q

trachea size

A

relatively rigid tube
11 cm in length
2.5 cm in diameter in adults.

61
Q

trachea tunica

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Fibrocartilagenous
  4. Tunica Adventitia
62
Q
  • Paired organs

* Together with the mediastinum, fill the thoracic cavity

A

lungs

63
Q

lobes of lungs

A
  • 3 lobes on the right side

* 2 lobes on the left side

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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