Supplements in Metabolic Disease Flashcards
What percent of people didn’t report supplement use to providers?
72%
What age group has the highest rate of supplement use?
45 - 64 years
What are the most commonly used integrative medicines?
Diet and herbals
What drug is made (originally) from the Pacific yew tree?
Tamoxifen
Adverse reactions to dietary supplements can be reported to _____________.
the FDA
What must be on the label of supplements?
“This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.”
What are the three most commonly used supplements?
- Fish oil/omega-3
- Glucosamine/chondroitan
- Probiotics/prebiotics
What physiologic effect does fish oil have?
It decreases VLDL secretion and increases VLDL absorption by the liver.
People should only be taking omega ______.
3
Triglycerides can decrease as much as _________ with use of fish oil.
20% - 50%
Fish oil can increase risk of bleeding if taken with ________________.
garlic, gingko, ginseng, or ginger
How can you decrease the fishy taste of taking fish oil?
Freeze it.
Fish oil is a good alternative for those who can’t take ____________.
niacin due to flushing or gout
In terms of regulation, how is fiber unique?
The FDA permits health claims.
Inositol nicotinate is also called ___________.
“no-flush niacin”
What supplement was famously banned for MI and arrhythmogenic effects?
Metabolife 356 (a formula containing ephedra)
_____________ is chemcially related to ephedra.
Bitter orange
______________ is like the antabuse for dieters.
Orlistat (because if they eat fat they get steatorrhea, flatulence, and GI upset)
What is the mechanism of orlistat?
It inhibits pancreatic lipase. (“It ORders a stop to LIpase, STAT!”)
Many people think coenzyme Q10 prevents ____________.
statin-induced myopathy
What are two aspects of integrative medicine that Dr. Nuffer wants you to know for the exam?
- It “emphasizes the evidence.”
- It incorporates “the whole person (mind, body, spirit).”
In what ways does the FDA regulate supplements?
It (1) enforces that they cannot make specific health claims without evidence and (2) can remove products if deemed to be unsafe once on the market
___________ may cause liver injury.
Alli (orlistat)
Which mineral supplement may increase the risk of bleeding?
Vanadium
Which demographic is the highest user of IHM?
Older, educated women with higher income
What was the goal of WHCCAMP?
To give the President info on how to maximize the benefits of CAM to all
_______________ compete with arachidonic acid at COX1/2.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Some people think it’s good to get up to ______ grams of fish oil per day.
16
Consider monitoring LFTs in those taking ________.
niacin
What is the mechanistic difference between sterols and stanols?
Stanols inhibit the absorption of both biliary and dietary cholesterol, while sterols only inhibit the absorption of dietary cholesterol.
