Malnutrition Flashcards
What is marasmus?
- Severe wasting of fat and muscle due to energy deficiency
- Slower onset
Describe the features of Kwashiorkor.
- Edematous wasting disorder
- Protein deficiency with adequate calories
- Rapid onset
- Associated with metabolic stress and inflammation
Cachexia is associated with ____________.
neoplasm
Globally, ______ percent of children are underweight (most often due to stunted growth).
20
Mild wasting is _________, while severe wasting is ____________.
being 80 - 89 percent of ideal body weight (IBW) based on weight-for-height; being less than 75% of IBW
Kwashiorkor is typically found in _____________.
toddlers (often when the mother has another child and gives the protein-rich food to the baby)
Malnutrition due to chronic disease is estimated to occur in as much as ___________ of hospitalized patients.
50%
Edema, psychologic agitation, and hepatosplenomegaly are all characteristics of which protein energy malnutrition disorder?
Kwashiorkor
In the context of malnutrition, what is SAM?
Severe acute malnutrition
A child with moon facies, a “flaky-paint” rash, and edema might have what finding in their hair?
The “flag sign” –a stripe of hypopigmented hair that occurred when the deficiency was strongest; all signs of kwashiorkor
Why does edema present in kwashiorkor?
Because the child does not have the energy to make albumin
What general principles guide the treatment of SAM?
- Refeed slowly (roughly every four hours)
- Make diet high in protein and fat
- Gradually advance nutrient load
Wasting is not typical of _______________.
kwashiorkor
Insulin levels and fatty acid synthesis typically elevate in children with _______________.
kwashiorkor
