Small Group: Lipids and Obesity Cases

Question 1

What are the four categories of people who have been shown to benefit from statins?

Answer 1

• History of ASCVD
• Age 40-75 with diabetes; LDL greater than 70
• Age 40-75 with 10-year risk of CVD greater than 7.5%; LDL greater than 70
• LDL greater than 190

Question 2

What is combined dyslipidemia?

Answer 2

It can be familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (if the triglycerides and total cholesterol are extremely high), or it can be a non-specific, polygenic disorder.

Question 3

How do fibrates work?

Answer 3

Fibrates, such as gemfibrozil, stimulate lipoprotein lipase (“FIBbing makes you a LIar”). Thus, they break down VLDL and raise HDL.

Question 4

What medication can raise triglyceride levels?

Answer 4

Estrogen

Question 5

What are five things that can increase triglyceride levels?

Answer 5

• Estrogen
• Alcohol
• T2DM (poorly controlled)
• Renal failure
• Hypothyroidism

Question 6

What is apoC2?

Answer 6

It is a ligand on apolipoprotein B100 that binds to lipoprotein lipase. Without it, patients will have hypertriglyceridemia.

Question 7

Of hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia, which has the strongest correlation with insulin resistance?

Answer 7

Hypertension

Question 8

A 500 kcal deficit per day is equal to one pound ________.

Answer 8

per week

Question 9

Describe familial dysbetalipoproteinemia.

Answer 9

A mutation in apoE2 leads to failure of VLDL, IDL, LDL, and chylomicrons to be reabsorbed by the liver and subsequently triglyceride and cholesterol levels will rise.

Question 10

Triglyceride levels over _______ should be treated to prevent pancreatitis.

Answer 10

500