Adult Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Question 1

List the categorization of BMI.

Answer 1

Underweight: less than 18.5
Normal: 18.5 0 24.9
Overweight: 25.0 - 29.9
High obese: 30.0 - 34.9
Very high obese: 35.0 - 39.9
Severely (formerly morbidly) obese: greater than 40.0

Question 2

Between men and women, men have ____________ fat, but _____________.

Answer 2

less fat; it is centrally located, predicting worse CVD outcomes

Question 3

What waist sizes have been shown to increase the risk of negative outcomes?

Answer 3

Men: greater than 40 inches
Women: greater than 35 inches

Question 4

Why is abdominal obesity thought to be bad?

Answer 4

Because the abdominal fat releases fatty acids that can cause insulin resistance

Question 5

Even after adjusting for socioeconomic status, ___________ is still the best predictor of obesity.

Answer 5

race and ethnicity

Question 6

The risk of developing diabetes starts to increase with increasing BMI at a BMI of _______.

Answer 6

23

Question 7

85% of those with hypertension have a BMI over _________.

Answer 7

25

Question 8

The majority of studies show that morbidity increases above BMI of _______ and mortality increases with BMI over _________.

Answer 8

25; 30

Question 9

Give the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome.

Answer 9

Any three (or more) of these:

Waist circumference: M greater than 40 inches; W greater than 35 inches

TG: greater than 150 mg/dL

HDL: M less than 40 mg/dL; W less than 50 mg/dL

BP: greater than 130/85 mmHg

Fasting glucose: greater than 100 mg/dL

Question 10

What is CPI?

Answer 10

The consumer price index (an average cost of all goods)

Question 11

Why is abdominal circumference important to measure?

Answer 11

Because increased waist circumference has been shown to correlate with increased risk in the absence of elevated BMI

Question 12

It’s not necessary to measure waist circumference in individuals with BMI greater than ______, because almost all of them will have elevated waist circumference and that measurement is not likely to add helpful information.

Answer 12

35

Question 13

After adjusting for BMI, African Americans are less likely than Caucasians to have _____________.

Answer 13

low HDL and high triglycerides

Question 14

Describe the Edmonton obesity scale.

Answer 14

0: obese but no health problems
1: obese with subclinical risk
2: obese with chronic disease
3: obese with end-organ damage
4: obese with severe organ damage

Question 15

One study showed that the risk of stroke increased by ______ with each unit increase in BMI.

Answer 15

8%

Question 16

What four factors should you assess in an obese patient?

Answer 16

• How motivated are they to lose weight?
• Do they have significant life stressors?
• Are they suffering from psychiatric issues?
• Do they have the time to devote to weight loss?