SUPPLEMENT - Ferns and flowering plants Flashcards
why are plants green in colour?
because many of their cells contain chloroplasts, which contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs light for photosynthesis
what are xylem vessels and phloem tubes and what are their functions?
xylem vessels and ohloem tubes are tiny tubes that ferns and flowering plants have in their transport systems. xylem vessels carry water and mineral salts while phloem tubes transport dissolved substances such as sugar
state the features of ferns
they have strong stems, roots and leaves. their leaves have a waxy layer (the cuticle) which helps reduce water loss. live in different habitats, even on dry. many grow from a thick underground stem called rhizome. do not produce seeds. reproduce by making spores under the leaves, these spores are carried by the wind
state the features of the largest ferns
the largest are the tree ferns, which have a thick stem that supports a crown of leaves at heights of several meters.
what are the features of flowering plants?
have true stems, roots and leaves. reproduce by means of flowers which make seeds, these seeds are produces inside the ovary within the flower
what is the shoot?
the shoot is the part of the plant above ground, it is made up of a stem bearing leaves, buds and flowers
what is the apical bud?
it is the part where the stem grows new leaves
what does the stem do?
the stems supports the structures of the shoot and spaces out the leaves so that they can recieve adequate light and air. it holds the flowers in a position which enables pollination to take place
allows transport of water from the soil up to the leaves and food from the leaves to other parts of the plant, such as the roots
what are the roots?
the roots are the parts of flowering plants found below ground. anchor the plant firmly in the ground and prevent it from being blown over by the wind. absorb water and mineral ions from the soil
state two features of roots
usually white, do not contain chlorophyll
plants are divided into two groups, which are they?
dicotyledons and monocotyledons
characteristics of dicotyledons
leaves are broad with a network of branching veins. parts of the flower (example stamens) in multiples of four or five in each flower. two cotyledons (seed leaves) in a seed. stem woody, non-woody or succulent
characteristics of monocotyledons
leaves have parallel veins, (grasses and cereals) long narrow leaves, others have leaves with a variety of shapes. parts of the flower in multiples of three. one cotyledon inside each seed. roots fibrous root system. stem non-woody, veins in stem scattered
