Features of organisms Flashcards
what are cells made up of?
cell membrane, cytoplasm and DNA. also have present in cytoplasm small structures called ribosomes that carry out protein synthesis ans enzymes that are involved in processes such as respiration.
cell structure in figure 1 .3. 1 of bacteria page 6
cells of bacteria do not have a nucleus and are known as prokaryotic cells. cells of all other organisms have nuclei and these are known as eukaryotic
name the five kingdoms (all bacteria are classified together into the same kingdom because they have the same cell structure.
plant kingdom, animal kingdom, prokaryote kingdom, protoctists kingdom and fungi kingdom
SUPPLEMENT - prokaryotes
have cells without nuclei, seen only under a light microscope
SUPPLEMENT - protoctists
group of organisms with many features of eukaryoltic cells
SUPPLEMENT - fungi
made up of threads called hyohae, these grow over the food supply, digest it externally and then absorb it
SUPPLEMENT - viruses
seen only under an electron microscope, they are not cells but a few genes inside a protein coat
characteristics of plant kingdom
.plants are multicellular organisms
.the bodies of plants are not compact like those of animals
.their roots spread out through the soil to gain water and salts
.their stems grow many leaves to absorb light
.growth occurs on tips of roots and stems
.includes mosses and ferns, do not reproduce using seeds; and seed-bearing plants
.all plants have chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis
.plant cells have chloroplasts full of chlorophyll
have cellulose cell walls
have a large sap-filled vacuole
characteristics of animal kingdom
.also multicellular organisms
.much more compact bodies than plants
.growth occurs throughout the body
.animal cells do not have cell walls, chloroplasts or large vacuoles
.nervous systems which coordinate their responses to stimuli and their movement
SUPPLEMENT - characteristics of prokaryote kingdom
.bacteria have a simple cell structure
.some bacteria are spherical and some rod-shaped
.many exist in short chains of cells
.bacterial cells are surrounded by cell walls
.cell of some bacterial species are also surrounded by slime capsules
.no nucleus, just a loop of DNA inside their cytoplasm called plasmids
.cells do not have chloroplasts or mitochondria
.some have extensions called flagella for moving through water or other fluids
SUPPLEMENT - characteristics of protoctist kingdom
.diverse group of organisms
.cells with nuclei, many are unicellular and some are multicellular
.unicellular protoctists include organisms known as protozoans
SUPPLEMENT - characteristics of fungi kingdom
.most are multicellular
.each cell has a nucleus and a cell wall (made of chitin)
.do not have chlorophyll and cannot carry out photosynthesis
.main fungus body mycelium: (volve a fungi, 6) digested food is absorbed by the hyphae
.reproduce by making spores that can be carried by the wind
.most are saprotrophs, feed on dead or decaying matter, but some are parasites
SUPPLEMENT - characteristics of viruses
.are not cells and do not have cells
.are particles made up of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
.genetic material composed of a few genes that code for the proteins that form the coat and maybe other proteins that help it reproduce
.parasites that enter the cells of other organism (the host) in order to multiply
.take over host cell and direct it to make new viruses
name 3 features present in all cells
cell membrane, cytoplasm and DNA
