Biological Molecules Flashcards
SUPLEMENT- Antibodies
page 39 :)
SUPLEMENT- DNA
pages 42 &43 :)
what are biological molecules?
complex chemicals like carbohydrates, proteins and fats.useful chemicals needed by living organisms for metabolism
what do we mean by metabolism?
all the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of the body. these reactions include release of energy in respiration, protein synthesis, and the growth and repair of cells
what are the raw materials for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water. simple sugars produced in photosynthesis are used to make a wide range of other compunds
list the components of a balanced diet for a human
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water
what are carbohydrates?
they contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (CH2O). they include sugars, starches and fibres
give one example of each of the following:
a- a simple sugar
b- a complex carbohydrate found in plants
c- a complex carbohydrate found in animals
a- glucose: simple sugar made in photosynthesis, used in respiration and transported in the blood
b- starch: plants store starch as an energy store, have enzymes to catalyse the reactions that join glucose together into long chains
c- glycogen: complex carbohydrate made from glucose by animals as a store of energy. stored in liver and muscles
starch and glycogen are insoluble and do not taste sweet
what is sucrose?
is a double sugar molecule made up of two molecules of simple sugars joined by chemical bonds
how are complex carbohydrates made?
made by joining many simple sugar molecules together by chemical bonds
what is cellulose?
complex, structural carbohydrate made up of thousands of glucose units. glucose units held together by bonds forming long and unbranched chains. cellulose molecules linked together to form fibres, which give plant cell walls their strength and rigidity
what are proteins?
complex molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. long-chain molecules made up of smaller molecules (amino acids). there are about 20 different types of amino acid. it is the sequence of the different amino acids in chain which determines type of protein that is formed
SUPPLEMENT - amino acids
the different sequences of amino acids give different shapes to protein molecules. these dif. shapes of protein molecules can be related to their function.
SUPPLEMENT - what are antibodies and antigens?
proteins with a structure that has binding sites on its surface. this enables them to bind with chemicals called antigens on the surface of pathogens and make pathogens stick together
what are fats?
fats are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. each fat molecule is made up of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids. fats are used for energy storage and thermal insulation in the body
