Different types of cell

Question 1

what are specialised cells?

Answer 1

functions of the body are divided between different groups of cellls. as an organism develops from a fertilised egg, new cells are produced. these cells grow and change to become specialised for certain functions

specialised cells have a structure that enables them to carry out a particular function

Question 2

name examples of specialised cells

Answer 2

.ciliated cells
.root hair cells
.xylem vessels
.nerve cells
.red blood cells
.sperm cells
.egg cells

Question 3

describe ciliated cells

Answer 3

.found in air passages in lungs (trachea and bronchi) and in oviducts in female reproductive system
.cilia on their surfaces

Question 4

what is the function of cilia?

Answer 4

beat back and forth to create a current in the fluid next to cell surfaces. in airways, moves mucus that traps dust and pathogens up to nose and throat. in oviducts, moves egg from ovary to uterus

Question 5

what are root hair cells?

Answer 5

.long extensions that give them a large surface are to absorb water and ions from soil

Question 6

describe xylem vessels

Answer 6

.cylindrical and empty
.arranged into columns like pipes
.cell wall thickened with bands or spirals of cellulose and waterproof material called lignin

Question 7

what is the function of xylem vessels?

Answer 7

carry water up the stem. allow water and ions to move from roots to rest of the plant. help support stem and leaves

Question 8

describe nerve cells

Answer 8

.highly specialised cells
.have thin extensions of cytoplasm like wires
.able to transmit information in form of nerve impulses around the body

Question 9

describe red blood cells

Answer 9

.contain the protein haemoglobin that carries oxygen
.shaped like flattened discs
. this shape provides a large surface area compared with volume which makes for efficient absorption of oxygen

Question 10

describe the palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 10

.numerous chloroplasts in the cytoplasm
.chloroplasts trap light energy for photosynthesis
.palisade cells have cell wall made up of tough cellulose which strengthens cell
.in cytoplasm is a large vacuole which is filled with cell sap
.temporary store of energy

Question 11

describe sperm cells

Answer 11

.have a tail adapted for swimming
.head carries genetic information from male parent to female parent
.genes from father present in the sperm nucleus

Question 12

describe egg cells

Answer 12

.much bigger than sperm cells
.contain yolk as a store of energy
.genes of mother found inside the nucleus of the egg