Classification Flashcards
classification
is the sorting out of the vast array of living organisms into groups
we classify organisms into groups. the largest grouping is the kingdom and the smallest is the species.
kingdom
organisms in a kingdom share some similar features. each kingdom is subdivided into groups known as phyla (singular phylum).
what is the binomial system?
the binomial system is a method for naming organisms in which each is given two names: a genus name (first name) and a trivial name (second name). (binomial means ‘two names’) the trivial name should never be used on its own.
define species
a species is a group of individuals that look alike. live in the same habitat and breed together to give offspring which are fertile and can also breed together.
define genus
a genus is a group of species that are closely related, but do not interbreed with each other. some genera (plural of genus) consist of only one species.
SUPPLEMENT - what are the morphology and anatomy of living organisms?
morphology is the outward appearance of an organism, whereas anatomy is its internal structure
SUPPLEMENT - similarities between organisms may occur because they have evolved along the same lines. what is the pentadactyl limb?
it is the (similar) pattern that the limb bones of mammals follow
SUPPLEMENT - variations on a pentadactyl limb
front limb bones of three species of mammal are shown in figure 1 .2. 1 . state the characteristics of each (anda a la pag 5)
.each has one upper limb bone (blue), two lower limb bones (yellow) and five digits (green, numbered 1-5)
SUPPLEMENT - what do scientists study?
they study not only the anatomy of organisms and the fossil record, but also the structure of their proteins and the sequence of bases in their DNA.
SUPPLEMENT - the more similarities there are between sequences for any two animals the more closely related they are likely to be.
.
