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Geog A-level > Superpowers Facts And Figures > Flashcards

Superpowers Facts And Figures Flashcards

1
Q

How much did the USA spend on its military in 2023?

A

$820 billion

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2
Q

What country has the strongest economic pillar?

A

The USA— highest GDP at 18.5 trillion USD

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3
Q

Why does Russia have such a strong natural resource pillar?

A

It has 25% of the worlds naturally occurring gas and oil

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4
Q

Why does Russia have such a strong natural resource pillar?

A

It has 25% of the worlds naturally occurring gas and oil

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5
Q

What made the British empire have such strong resource and demographic pillars?

A

Possessed 24% of the worlds land and 20% of its population

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6
Q

What is a modern day example of the use of hard power?

A

The Russia- Ukraine war

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7
Q

How has the heartland theory influenced history?

A

Major role in WW2 as hitler believes in heartland theory
Cold War (1945-1991) USSR tried to grow empire through imperialism (possessed the heartland), USA tried to limit spread of communism by placing military around heartland

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8
Q

What and why was the jewel of the British empire?

A

The British raj was known as the jewel as it possessed such rich resources
British navy- worlds largest at the time allowed resource extraction by transport

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9
Q

Why were the Belgians known as brutal colonists?

A

King leopold famously ordered slaves hands cut off if they didn’t meet quotas

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10
Q

What we’re the wind of change?

A

Era of empires ending post WW2 due to high costs of maintenance, led to new independence in previously colonised African nations, this was called the winds of change

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11
Q

Why couldn’t the USA and USSR go to war directly?

A

They were both members of the UNSC so there was not allowed to be any direct conflict between the two

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12
Q

What is a proxy war with an example?

A

A war that is instigated by major powers but they do not get involved with the conflict against each other
E.G. Vietnam war

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13
Q

What was NATO?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
Military alliance between N. America + w. Europe for mutual defence support

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14
Q

What was the Warsaw pact?

A

Defence treaty between the USSR and e. Europe for military support

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15
Q

What has China been accused of in Africa since 2000?

A

Neo-colonial actions as it challenges the hegemony of the USA and former colonial powers in the region

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16
Q

When was the USA a hyper power in a unipolar world?

A

1990 (collapse of USSR) - 2010

17
Q

Why was the USA termed the “world police”? What was the disadvantage of this

A

Took part in numerous global conflicts at the same time in order to promote conflict resolution and peace
It was very expensive and administratively difficult

18
Q

What is an example of a bipolar world and why is it considered high risk?

A

Cold War
Potential for large scale conflict over global powers due to differing ideologies

19
Q

When was the world multi- polar and why did this lead to the rise of Nazi germany?

A

Between WW1 and WW2 Germany Japan USA and UK all jostled for power
Created power vacuum — allowed nazi rise, no nation prepared to stop them

20
Q

What are the BRICS nations?

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

21
Q

Why is the USA becoming less dominant?

A

Reliant on oil— finite resource —- therefore rely on foreign imports from Middle East
Lowering their independence and hegemony

22
Q

Why is China becoming less dominant on USA based TNCs?

A

Transitioning to post industrial economy — more patents given (legal rights to products)

23
Q

What threat to the Brett on woods institutes have BRICS nations created?

A

The new development bank
Non western centric bank with no SAPs attached to loans

24
Q

How is India growing in its political might?

A

Attempting to gain a permanent seat of the UNSC

25
Q

What are the orders of Rostows modernisation theory?

A

Traditional society, Pre-conditions for take off, Take off(Industrial revolution in UK), Drive to maturity, High mass consumption

26
Q

What are the preconditions for take off in rostows modernisation theory?

A

Export of raw materials for income
Development of key infrastructure
Technology available -e.g. phones
Education leading to social mobility
Banking+ finance systems for trade
Governance + legal systems to protect investors

27
Q

Why does Brazil have a strong natural resource pillar?

A

Possesses 60% of the Amazon rainforest

28
Q

Why does Mexico have a strong natural resource pillar?

A

4th largest producer of oil in western hemisphere

29
Q

Why does India have strong access to technology?

A

India is a global leader in IT tech

30
Q

How does China meet the education precondition?

A

China has a 99% literacy rate

31
Q

Why does the world systems theory include a classification for semi periphery nations?

A

BRICS nations are exploited by core nations but also exploit periphery nations

Geog A-level (22 decks)

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