Regeneration-Urban

Question 1

Why did Liverpool decline?

Answer 1

Global shift cause the deindustrialisation of liverpools docklands

Question 2

How did Liverpool use its industrial heritage as a tourism asset?

Answer 2

1981-1988 Merseyside development corp regenerated 320ha of Albert docks into maritime museum shops and apartments, attracting £700,000 of private investment

Question 3

How did Liverpool becoming a UNESCO world heritage site help it?

Answer 3

Provided 47,000 jobs from 1981-2008

Question 4

Why did Liverpool lose its unesco status in 2021?

Answer 4

Felt landscape was more homogenised and less industrial architecture dominated

Question 5

How has Liverpool used its culture and arts to help regeneration?

Answer 5

2008 -became European capital of culture £4 billion invested in arts and infrastructure

Question 6

How has Liverpool developed its brownfield land

Answer 6

Prince dock- 5.5 billion PEEL group project, created 9000 flats and a cruise terminal to attract Chinese business (1.3bln in public benefit )
Liverpool knowledge quarter - science park and life science center- encourage in- migration of highly skilled labour

Question 7

How many businesses and jobs are supported on the Salford quays?

Answer 7

900 businesses with 26,000 jobs

Question 8

What was the Salford quays development plan?

Answer 8

Project undertaken by Salford city council and private investors to redevelop 90ha of derelict docklands

Question 9

Why is the development of media city from 2007-11 on Salford quays controversial

Answer 9

Only 28 out of 680 jobs went to locals

Question 10

How were local Salford historians upset in 2013

Answer 10

The removal of two iconic industrial era cranes

Question 11

How large was the ousebourn( Newcastle) 20-24 demographic in 2001?

Answer 11

Just over 2000 people

Question 12

What regeneration efforts were completed in ouseburn?

Answer 12

The creation of apartments

Question 13

How did the ouseburn 20-24 demographic change to in 2011?

Answer 13

Increased to over 4500

Question 14

What population increase has Newcastle seen since 2011?

Answer 14

7.1%

Question 15

What aspect of the evening economy is Newcastle popular for and how has this shown changes in the economy?

Answer 15

Studentification led to Newcastle having 66 bars and nightclubs per 100000 people — no 1 city for nightlife
Shows increase in tertiary sector to supply for students

Question 16

What is HS2 and what are it’s purposes? (Nat gov— investment in infrastructure)

Answer 16

£95 billion high speed rail link between north + south. Expected to be finished in 2040.
Intended to reduce north south divide by allowing northern business to access London market
Project should provide 6500 jobs

Question 17

Nat gov — planning policy
How are section 106 agreements used by national government?

Answer 17

Nat gov grants local gov ability to permit developments on basis of community gain. E.g. knutsford crown estate development —240 homes, 30% had to be affordable homes

Question 18

What are the negatives of HS2?

Answer 18

Environmentalists concerned over clearance of 108 ancient woods leading to decreased carbon sequestration and loss of biodiversity

Question 19

What was the Big Bang policy?

Answer 19

Deregulation of financial markets in 1986 allowing multi national banks to invest in uk stock exchange. Led to growth of uk stock exchange
2006 - UK worlds most important financial centre
Finance services - 7% of UK GDP
development of canary warf

Question 20

What we’re the disadvantages of the Big Bang policy?

Answer 20

Led to increased income inequality in London.
Greater north south divide
Created environment for 2008/9 financial crisis

Question 21

How has policy changed for immigration?

Answer 21

Increasingly closed door policy e.g. post Brexit migrant must have earnings over £25,600 be English speaking and have a sponsor employer
Intended to lower job competition

Question 22

How has immigration policy tightening created disadvantages?

Answer 22

Opened up skill gaps— 26% of doctors are foreign nationals
2016-17 average EU migrant (adult) contributed £3740 more tax than average UK citizen

Question 23

What is an example of local government creating local plans?

Answer 23

Creation of science parks, increases science / IT based business, 3rd largest sector for economic growth in the UK
2015– more than 100 science parks
E.g. Alderney park in Cheshire science corridor

Question 24

What are the disadvantages of science parks?

Answer 24

Influx of high income skilled labour leads to subsequent positive multiplier effect, increasing house prices in the area — Alderney edge detached home costs over £1 million
Lead to displacement of lower income people

Question 25

How can local governments use of retail led regeneration be utilised?

Answer 25

2010– altricial hall vacancy rate at 30%
Trafford council used future high street fund £1 billion government pot to create altrincham forward
Altrincham market hall bad £1 million + refurbishments
Altrincham unlimited now oversees further development

Question 26

How can retail led regeneration create disadvantages for local communities?

Answer 26

Success of retail can lead to above average business rates for local businesses
2021– co owner of food market received 500% increase in business rates due to increased value of market hall
Could displace original private businesses

Question 27

How was sport led regeneration used in London 2012?

Answer 27

350ha of abandoned and derelict land in Stratford east London decontaminated of arsenic bitumen and ammonia
100 ha of green space created
Queen Elizabeth Olympic park has attracted 34 million visits since opening
Creation of homes for 2800 people

Question 28

How was the London 2012 Olympic regeneration controversial?

Answer 28

Compulsory purchase order on clay lone estate to create athletes village displaced 450 tenants
Many could not afford new housing in area (entry prices at £250,000)
Some stilled not housed in 2021 leading to public inquiry

Question 29

What is an example of the use of cultural heritage in local regeneration?

Answer 29

Liverpool — European capital of culture etc