superpowers eq1 Flashcards
what is a superpower
a nation which is able to project power and influence and be dominant on a global scale.
uni polar meaning
there is only one global super power
bi polar meaning
there are two global super powers
multi polar
there are multiple global super powers
hyperpower
an unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects
what are the emerging super powers
-brazil
-russia
-india
-china
nations which exert regional influence
south africa in africa
brazil in south america
factors which lead to superpower status
-access to natural resources
-size -may have more resources and may have more military bases
-military strength
-cultural influence
-political power
-large population
hard power
use of military force
USA- 800 military bases around the world
soft power
Use political and cultural influence to try and persuade countries to behave in a certain
way.
sharp power
manipulation of political decision making eg. hacking, propaganda, espionage
Mackinders heartland theory
-in 1904 he identified a region of Eurasia called the heartland
-most of the world’s natural resources are there
-Mackinder argued that the nation controlling the heartland would gain control over the rest of the world
-influenced nazis decisions, tried to invade russia
in 1945..
a bi polar world emerged. USA and USSR
The iron curtain
europe was divided by the iron curtain - east communist, west capitalist
rise of china
china is the main challenger to the USAs status
brazil
-very rich in natural resources
-strong global soft power eg. cultural influence , world cup
-strong agricultural economy and exporter of soybeans, coffee
-political instability and scandals - operation car wash
-small military
-education lags behind
-high levels of inequality
amazon deforestation weakens brazils role in climate leadership
russia
-very large military capacity
-energy exports to BRICs nations reduce russias reliance on european market
-invasion of ukraine exposed disorganised, poorly trained military
-aging declining population
-extreme levels of inequality
-western sanctions weaken russias economy
india
-worlds largest population
-strong economic growth
-young population
-english is widely spoken
-largest military personel
-high levels of poverty
-gaps in education
-poor transport and sanitation in areas
china
-worlds largest navy
-highly educated population
-advanced infrastructure
-aging population due to one child policy
-pollution
-trade war with USA makes china vulnerable as tariffs make chinese goods more expensive in US and TNCs may shift production
-heavily censored - which reduces appeal and makes china seem authoritarian
dependency theory
-poverty of developing countries is the result of their dependency on developed countries
-Rich countries exploit poor ones by buying cheap raw materials and selling expensive manufactured goods.
eg. african resources such as cocoa
modernization model
Rostow’s theory outlines 5 stages of economic development, through which all countries should pass to become modern
-south korea used this to break free from dependancy theory
