Coasts EQ4 Flashcards
What were the economic impacts of erosion in the UK?
costs associated to increase 3-9x
cost of damage estimated £260 bill a year
£18-30bill to implement current policies depending on rate of climate change
What were the economic impacts of Cyclone Sidr in bangladesh?
-cost $2.31bill
-350,000 species of tree uprooted
-34,500 injured
-3,199 died
-1.2mill houses damaged
What are examples of environmental refugees in coastal areas?
Bangladesh- 1.6mill families affected by cyclone, international aid requested and 1000 missing
Fairbourne, Wales- one of fastest erosion rates in Europe, residents relocated by 2054, nothing being done to stop erosion
What is hard engineering?
preventing natural processes
What is soft engineering?
working with natural processes
What are the facts about Rossall, Blackpool?
hard engineering- sea walls, revetments, rock armor
cost £64mill
protects 7,500 homes, provided locally sourced employment
expensive, looks ugly, unsure how long it will last
What are the facts about Streat marshes in Bridgewater?
protection- salt marshes, soft engineering
cost- £21mill
encourages tourism, turned into nature reserve
What are the facts about Bacton, North Norfolk?
protection- beach regen 1.8m cubed of sand pumped onto beach
cost- £20mill for 6km
prevents cliff erosion
doesn’t last long= 20-25years, expensive
What are the facts about Odisha in India?
protection- 1435km squared mangroves planted, regen of coastal reefs, stronger water quality laws, geotextiles tubes
protect from erosion, provides habitats, ecotourism, provides jobs
expensive
What are the facts about Deltaworks in the Netherlands?
protection- series of dams, storm surge barriers designed to protect against flooding from north sea
2.5bill euros to build, 17mill euros to operate a year
closed against storm surge in december 2013
What are the facts about Maldives, Kiribati?
first climate refugees, moved to Fiji
water insecurity
mangroves planted to limit erosion from high tides
What are the facts about New York?
global sea level rise
ocean currents not successfully circulating and pool in areas
land readjust from last glacial maximum
What does sustainable management involve?
managing wider coastal zone by minimizing the environmental and ecological impacts while benefitting people
What are examples of sustainable management?
Blackwater estuary
Thames Barrier
What are the 4 main approaches to coastal management?
hold the line
advance the line
managed retreat
no intervention
What is the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approach?
variety of stake holders included in decisions on management plan of coastline
eg business owners, local council
What are examples of ICZM?
document for each sediment cell called shoreline management plan
cost-benefit assessment
What does decision making processes involve?
cost benfit assessment
shoreline management plan
environmental impact assessments
