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geo human a2 > superpowers EQ1 > Flashcards

superpowers EQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

whats a hyperpower and example

A

a country with complete global dominance and no rivals
-USA
-Britain (1850-1910)

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2
Q

whats a superpower and example

A

a nation with means to project its power and influence anywhere in the world
-EU

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3
Q

whats an emerging power and example

A

globally influential but only influence some areas (their power is increasing)
- Russia, China, Brazil, India

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4
Q

whats a regional power and examples

A

leads on a continental but not global scale
- Japan, Mexio, nigeria

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5
Q

what does geopolitical mean

A

refers to the influence of geographical factors ( economy, population, size, military strength) on the actions of countries towards others : their foreign policy, agreements and alliances and conflicts

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6
Q

what are the 6 sources of power

A

-economic
-political
-military
-cultural
-demographic
-natural resources

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7
Q

sources of power: economic

A

A large total GDP gives countries wealth needed to be a global player

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8
Q

sources of power: political

A

-leading rather than following
-caa cause persuasion through global organisations such as the UN, IMF and WTO to pooorer countries

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9
Q

sources of power: military

A

nuclear weapons, a large navy and air force to threaten other countries

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10
Q

sources of power: cultural

A

its a source of power to have ideas, art, music, food and fashion that other people find appealing

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11
Q

sources of power: demographic(characterists of a population)

A

power requires people, to support a large economy and the military

range of skiled migrants - leads to new ideas.

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12
Q

sources of power: natural resources

A

fossil fuels, land for farming, mineral wealth and water resources increase self- sufficiency

places can export resources at a high price such as oil

countries with secure enegry supplies are represented as strong and powerful

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13
Q

whats hard power

A

using military and economic influence ( trade deals and sanctions) to force another country to act in a particular way

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14
Q

whats soft power

A

a more subtle persuasion for countries to act in a particular way on the basis that the persuader is respected and appealing. Includes political persuasion (diplomacy) and cultural influence

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15
Q

whats smart power

A

the combination of soft and hard power

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16
Q

who has the highest total GDP and what is it at (2015-16 data)

A

USA
GDP= 18.5 trillion dollars

17
Q

who has the highest total population and what is it at (2015-16 data)

A

China
1382 million

18
Q

who has the highest number of active nuclear warheads and what is it at (2015-16 data)

A

Russia
1790

19
Q

who has the highest percentage of the worlds 2000 largest TNCs and what is it at (2015-16 data)

A

USA
27%

20
Q

negative of hard power

A

expensive and risky

21
Q

negatives of military action

A

-viewed as unnecessary/ illegal
-the aggressor may loose allies and moral authority (e.g Russia’s 2014 invasion of the Crimea)

22
Q

negatives of soft power

A

the country must have a well respected culture, values and politics as for some countries as without this some countries may not be persuaded

time consuming

23
Q

positives of soft power

A

low cost and it can create alliances and friendships

24
Q

which countries have the highest levels of soft power

A
  • USA
    -UK
    -france
    -germany
25
Q

what does geo-strategic refer to

A

refers to the policies of a country in terms of securing the resources it needs both within its territory, nearby and globally.

26
Q

how did America become a superpower

A

-control lots of territory
-in WW1, they intervened to end the war, promoting peace and stability.
-the creation of IGOs e.g. the Bretton’s Woods Agreement
-They maintained economic stability during the war
- creation of Nato (a military alliance)
-controlling global affairs

27
Q

examples of hard powers

A
  • using economic sanctions(eg banning trade) against countries
    -military action, or the threat of it
    -military presence and force
    -military alliances such as NATO
28
Q

examples of economic power

A

favouring certain trade partners
-using aid to influence policy
-trade blocs and alliances
-aid and trade

29
Q

examples of soft power

A

-culture and ideology
-exerting influence through favour and persuasion
-using the media to promote a particular image and message
~tncs

30
Q

what are the 5 permanent members of the UN security council

A

China, France, Russia, UK, USA

31
Q

what is the heartland theory produced by Mackinder

A
  • the heartland was a geo-strategic location*
    -Whoever controlled the Heartland would control the world island and thus control the world.
    -the heartland was hard to invade due to the many physical barriers in the way
32
Q

what did the heartland theory influence

A
  • persuaded the USA, UK and other European countries that Russia needed to be contained.
    -reinforced that the control of physical resources (land, mineral wealth) was important
33
Q

why is the heartland theory now outdated

A

-modern military technology can target any area of land and size no longer acts as protection. ‘no longer bigger the better’
-physical resources are now traded internationally- less need for domestic resources
-war and conflict now labeled as abnormal

34
Q

give an example of hard power still existing

A
  • in 2003, the USA and allies invaded Iraq, partly to secure oil supplies
35
Q

what time period was the imperial era

A

1500-1950

36
Q

what general thing happened within the imperial era

A

European powers conquered land in the Americas, Africa and Asia and built empires that directly controlled territories.

37
Q

the development of empires relied on 5 factors:

A
  • powerful navies to transport soldiers and equipment for conquest, and then to protect sea-routes and coastlines from enemies.
  • large and advanced armed forces to conquer territory and then control it.
    -businesses to exploit resources in the conquered area. (Mining and plantation farming)
    -many protected merchant ships to transport goods back
    -people from home country to act as government and civil service.
38
Q

in 1920, how much land did the British Empire control

A

24% of land

39
Q

what happened to empires after the second world war

A

they ended as independence was gained by colonies and cost of maintaining empires was too high.

geo human a2 (7 decks)

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