Superficial Face Flashcards

1
Q

what are the cutaneous nerve branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1: supraorbital and supratrochlear
V2: infraorbital
V3: long buccal, mental and auriculotemporal

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2
Q

what are the 4 muscles of facial expression?

A

orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
platysma
buccinator

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3
Q

what is the function of the orbicularis oculi?

A

closes eye

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4
Q

what is the function of orbicularis oris?

A

purses lips

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5
Q

what is the function of the buccinator muscle?

A

holds food between teeth and assits in chewing

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6
Q

what is the function of the platysma?

A

flares skin of the neck

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7
Q

where does the facial nerve branch? what do the branches innervate and what are the branches?

A

branches within the parotid gland

innervate muscles of facial expression

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical

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8
Q

what is the function of the temporal branch of the facial nerve?

A

raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead

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9
Q

what is the function of the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve?

A

closes eye tightly

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10
Q

what is the function of the buccal branch of the facial nerve?

A

smile, pucker lips and show upper teeth

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11
Q

what is the function of the marginal amndibular branch of the facial nerve?

A

show lower teeth

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12
Q

what is the function of the cervical branch of the facial nerve?

A

flare skin of the neck

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13
Q

what is Bell’s Palsy?

A

facial paralysis or paresis from damage of facial nerve or branches

causes loss of ability to generate all or some facial expressions

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14
Q

what are the main arteries/veins of the face?

A

superficial temporal, transverse facial and facial

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15
Q

what are the arterial branches of the face?

A

infraorbital (maxillary), superior labial (facial), inferior labial (facial) and mental

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16
Q

what do emissary veins do?

A

communicate between veins of scalp and face and veins inside cranial cavity

17
Q

what do the angular veins of the face communicate with? what does this connection allow?

A

cavernous sinus via veins of orbit

transmission of infection from face to cavernous sinus

18
Q

what is the parotid gland and what parasympathetics is it innervated by?

A

salivary gland innervated by parasympathetics in CN IX

19
Q

where is the parotid duct located? and where does it open into?

A

superficial to masseter muscle
oral cavity (upper 2nd molar)

20
Q

where is the retromandibular vein and external carotid artery located?

A

behind the parotid gland

21
Q

what is the innervation and parasympathetic pathway of the parotid gland and its function?

A
  • preganglionic cell bodies are in the brainstem
  • preganglionic axons exit as part of CN IX and synapses in the otic ganglion
  • post ganglionic axons reach the parotid via auriculotemporal nerve
  • function is secretomotor
22
Q

what is the sympathetic pathway to the face?

A
  • preganglionic cells are in the lateral horn of the upper thoracic spinal cord
  • preganglionic axons ascend sympathetic chain and synapse in the superior cervical ganglion
  • postganglionic axons distribute to the face along the external carotid artery
23
Q

what is Horner’s syndrome and what are the symptoms?

A

loss of sympathetic innervation to head
symptoms: loss of sweat, pupillary constriction, drooping of upper eyelid

24
Q

what are the two partial horner’s syndromes?

A

upper horner’s and lower horner’s

25
Q

what is upper Horner’s syndrome and what are the symptoms?

A

loss of sympathetics along the internal carotid artery
symptoms: miosis ptosis (loss of superior tarsal muscle) and anhydrosis of skin of the medial forehead

26
Q

what is lower Horner’s syndrome and what are the symptoms?

A

loss of sympathetics along the external carotid artery
symptoms: anhydrosis of the skin of the face inferior to the orbit and skin lateral of forehead and temporal fossa