Superficial Face Flashcards
what are the cutaneous nerve branches of the trigeminal nerve?
V1: supraorbital and supratrochlear
V2: infraorbital
V3: long buccal, mental and auriculotemporal
what are the 4 muscles of facial expression?
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
platysma
buccinator
what is the function of the orbicularis oculi?
closes eye
what is the function of orbicularis oris?
purses lips
what is the function of the buccinator muscle?
holds food between teeth and assits in chewing
what is the function of the platysma?
flares skin of the neck
where does the facial nerve branch? what do the branches innervate and what are the branches?
branches within the parotid gland
innervate muscles of facial expression
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical
what is the function of the temporal branch of the facial nerve?
raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
what is the function of the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve?
closes eye tightly
what is the function of the buccal branch of the facial nerve?
smile, pucker lips and show upper teeth
what is the function of the marginal amndibular branch of the facial nerve?
show lower teeth
what is the function of the cervical branch of the facial nerve?
flare skin of the neck
what is Bell’s Palsy?
facial paralysis or paresis from damage of facial nerve or branches
causes loss of ability to generate all or some facial expressions
what are the main arteries/veins of the face?
superficial temporal, transverse facial and facial
what are the arterial branches of the face?
infraorbital (maxillary), superior labial (facial), inferior labial (facial) and mental
what do emissary veins do?
communicate between veins of scalp and face and veins inside cranial cavity
what do the angular veins of the face communicate with? what does this connection allow?
cavernous sinus via veins of orbit
transmission of infection from face to cavernous sinus
what is the parotid gland and what parasympathetics is it innervated by?
salivary gland innervated by parasympathetics in CN IX
where is the parotid duct located? and where does it open into?
superficial to masseter muscle
oral cavity (upper 2nd molar)
where is the retromandibular vein and external carotid artery located?
behind the parotid gland
what is the innervation and parasympathetic pathway of the parotid gland and its function?
- preganglionic cell bodies are in the brainstem
- preganglionic axons exit as part of CN IX and synapses in the otic ganglion
- post ganglionic axons reach the parotid via auriculotemporal nerve
- function is secretomotor
what is the sympathetic pathway to the face?
- preganglionic cells are in the lateral horn of the upper thoracic spinal cord
- preganglionic axons ascend sympathetic chain and synapse in the superior cervical ganglion
- postganglionic axons distribute to the face along the external carotid artery
what is Horner’s syndrome and what are the symptoms?
loss of sympathetic innervation to head
symptoms: loss of sweat, pupillary constriction, drooping of upper eyelid
what are the two partial horner’s syndromes?
upper horner’s and lower horner’s
what is upper Horner’s syndrome and what are the symptoms?
loss of sympathetics along the internal carotid artery
symptoms: miosis ptosis (loss of superior tarsal muscle) and anhydrosis of skin of the medial forehead
what is lower Horner’s syndrome and what are the symptoms?
loss of sympathetics along the external carotid artery
symptoms: anhydrosis of the skin of the face inferior to the orbit and skin lateral of forehead and temporal fossa
