Pharynx and Larynx

Question 1

what are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and what nerve are they innervated by ?

Answer 1

inferior, middle and superior
CN X (vagus)

Question 2

the stylopharyngeus muscle is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 2

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Question 3

what does the pharyngeal plexus consist of?

Answer 3

glossopharyngeal nerve for sensory
vagus for motor

Question 4

what are the aspects of the pharynx?

Answer 4

pharyngeal recess (space)
pharyngeal constrictors
ariepiglottic fold
laryngeal inlet
cricoid lamina
piriform recess
salpingopharyngeal fold

Question 5

where can food particles get lodged in the pharynx?

Answer 5

piriform recess

Question 6

what are the internal aspects of the nasopharynx?

Answer 6

pharyngeal recess
pharyngeal tonsil
torus tubarius
auditory tube
salpingopharynheal fold
soft palate
uvula

Question 7

what are the cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 7

superior and inferior horns (cornua)
cricothyroid joint
cricothyroid membrane
thyrohyoid membrane
epiglottis
arytenoid
vocal ligament

Question 8

what ways do the arytenoid cartilages move and where ?

Answer 8

slide medially and laterally on cricoid
rotate around vertical axis

cricoarytenoid (synovial) joint

Question 9

what are the movements of vocal ligaments (folds) and when do they occur?

Answer 9

• tensing of vocal ligaments: phonation (high pitch)
• abduction: inspiration
• adduction: phonation (paramedian position)
• adduction: swallowing, holding breath, valsalva maneuver (median position)
• relaxing vocal ligaments: phonation (low pitch)

Question 10

what does the cricothyroid muscle do and what is it innervated by?

Answer 10

• tenses and adducts the vocal cords
• innervated by external branch of superior laryngeal nerve of vagus

Question 11

what does the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle do and what is it innervated by?

Answer 11

• abducts the vocal ligaments
• innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 12

what does the arytenoids muscle do and what is it innervated by?

Answer 12

• adducts the vocal ligaments
• innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 13

what does the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle do and what is it innervated by?

Answer 13

• adducts the vocal ligaments
• innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 14

what does the thyroarytenoid muscle do and what is it innervated by?

Answer 14

-relaxes the vocal ligaments
- innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 15

what are the branches of the vagus nerve in the larynx region?

Answer 15

vagus —–> superior laryngeal nerve —-> external and internal branches (external branch has no other branches) (internal branch forms….) —–> recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 16

what is the motor and sensory innervation for the cough reflex?

Answer 16

sensory limb: internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve

motor limb: nerves that innervate the abdominal wall muscles, thoracic wall muscles, diaphragm and the vagus

Question 17

what are the three areas of a vocal fold?

Answer 17

false vocal fold: vestibular
true vocal fold: vocal fold

space between is the ventricle

Question 18

what is aditus?

Answer 18

opening into larynx

Question 19

what is rima glottidis (slit)?

Answer 19

part of laryngeal cavity between the vocal folds

Question 20

what is a glottis?

Answer 20

region of the larynx formed by the vocal folds and intervening rima glottidis

Question 21

what is a laryngeal vestibule?

Answer 21

part of the laryngeal cavity above the vocal folds