Nasal Sinus, Paranasal Sinuses and Pterygopalatine Fossa

Question 1

what are the function of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

olfaction
warm inspired air
moisten inspired air
filter inspired air

Question 2

what are the bony boundaries of the anterior nasal (piriform) aperture?

Answer 2

nasal bones
maxilla

Question 3

what are the two bones and cartilage of the nasal septum?

Answer 3

vomer and ethmoid (perpendicular plate) bones
septal cartilage

Question 4

what are the nasal conchae and what is their function?

Answer 4

superior, middle and inferior

increase surface area and create turbulent airflow which brings more inspired air in contact with the mucosa

Question 5

what are the meatus’s and where are they located?

Answer 5

superior, middle and inferior
the space lateral to the respective concha

Question 6

what is the sphenoethmoidal recess and where is it located?

Answer 6

a triangular space in the nasal cavity that allows the sphenoid sinus and posterior ethmoid cells to drain into the nasal cavity

located superior to the superior nasal meatus

Question 7

what are the paranasal sinuses and what are their functions?

Answer 7

frontal, sphenoid, maxillary and ethmoidal

lightening the head, resonance for voice and mucous production

Question 8

what are the features of the middle meatus?

Answer 8

semilunar hiatus and ethmoidal bulla

Question 9

where does the frontal sinus drain?

Answer 9

into the middle meatus

Question 10

where does the anterior and middle ethmoid sinus drain?

Answer 10

into the middle meatus

Question 11

where does the maxillary sinus drain?

Answer 11

into the middle meatus

Question 12

where does the posterior ethmoid sinus drain?

Answer 12

into the superior meatus

Question 13

where does the sphenoid sinus drain?

Answer 13

into the sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 14

where does the nasolacrimal duct drain into?

Answer 14

inferior meatus

Question 15

what are the arteries of the nasal cavity?

Answer 15

• sphenopalatine (maxillary)
• anterior ethmoidal (ophthalmic)
• superior labial (facial)
• greater palatine (maxillary)

Question 16

what is the kiesselbach area and what can happen here?

Answer 16

the area in nasal septum where the arteries come together

most common area for nose bleeds

Question 17

sensory innervation to the nasal cavity is conveyed via what CNs?

Answer 17

olfactory nerves (CN1)

anterior ethmoidal (CN V1)

maxillary division of the trigeminal (V2)
- greater and lesser palatine branches
- lateral nasal branches

Question 18

the innervation of the nasal septum comes from what CN?

Answer 18

nasopalatine nerve (V2)

Question 19

what are the nerves that innervate the maxillary sinus and maxillary teeth?

Answer 19

maxillary (V2)
- zygomatic nerve (V2)
- infraorbital nerve (V2)
- superior alveolar nerves (V2)

Question 20

what is the blood supply of the maxillary sinus and maxillary teeth?

Answer 20

infraorbital artery and superior alveolar artery

Question 21

where do the post ganglionic parasympathetics originate from and what is there distination?

Answer 21

synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion and are secretomotor to the glands in the nasal cavity and palate

Question 22

where is the pterygopalatine fossa located and what does it contain?

Answer 22

located medial to the infratemporal fossa

contains the pterygopalatine ganglion, terminal part of maxillary artery and V2

Question 23

what is the pterygomaxillary fissure and what is its function?

Answer 23

space between pterygoid plates posteriorly and maxilla anteriorly

provides communication between infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

Question 24

what is the innervation of the pteryopalatine ganglion and where does the information go?

Answer 24

preganglionic parasympathetics from the facial nerve greater petrosal branch via the nerve of the pterygoid canal

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers distribute to the lacrimal gland (secretomotor) via the zygomatic branch of V2 and lacrimal branch of V1